A section of membrane with an aquaporin (AQP) has a water transport rate of about 2...
A section of membrane with an aquaporin (AQP) has a water transport rate of about 3 billion water molecules per second Removal of the AQP lowers the rate to about 40 million water molecules per second (4 x 10 molecules :-). By what factor does the aquaporin increase the rate of water transport in this example? Note that this is a hypothetical situation, and does not reference any specific data or study. However, is a common estimate given for flow...
Erythrocytes (red blood cells) swell or shrink rapidly in response to changes in the osmolarity of the blood by the movement of water molecules through plasma membrane channels called aquaporins (AQP). AQP1 is a tetramer that consists of four identical monomers, each of which has a transmembrane pore. A human erythrocyte has approximately 2.0 x 10° AQP1 monomers and a total volume of 9.4 x 10-" mL Water molecules flow through the plasma membrane at a rate of 5.0 x...
Water flows in a pipe that has a 4 ft diameter and the following hypothetical velocity distribution: The velocity is maximum at the centerline and decreases linearly with r to a minimum at the pipe wall. If Vmax = 15 ft/s and Vmin = 12 ft/s, what is the discharge in cubic feet per second and in gallons per minute? The volume flow rate is given by the integral of the velocity over the area Q = -fvaa Using the...
Water flows in a pipe that has a 4 ft diameter and the following hypothetical velocity distribution: The velocity is maximum at the centerline and decreases linearly with r to a minimum at the pipe wall. If Vmax = 17 ft/s and Vmin = 10 ft/s, what is the discharge in cubic feet per second and in gallons per minute? The volume flow rate is given by the integral of the velocity over the area Using the correct expression for...
8. A researcher wishes to determine whether the rate of water flow (x) (in liters per second) over an experimental soil bed can be used to predict the amount of soil washed away(y) (in kilograms). The researcher measures the amount of soil washed away for various flow rates, finds that the sample mean flow rate is 6.1 L/s with a standard deviation of 0.5 L/s. Also the sample mean for the amount of eroded soil is 4.2 kg with a...
8. A researcher wishes to determine whether the rate of water flow (x) (in liters per second) over an experimental soil bed can be used to predict the amount of soil washed away(y) (in kilograms). The researcher measures the amount of soil washed away for various flow rates, finds that the sample mean flow rate is 6.1 L/s with a standard deviation of 0.5 L/s. Also the sample mean for the amount of eroded soil is 4.2 kg with a...
Problem Statement 1 The pump in the system shown below is used to transport water from reservoir A to and discharge it to the open atmosphere at point B. The elevation difference between the two reservoirs is Az, and the piping has a 2000 ft length of 16-in diameter. The flow is fully turbulent with kinetic energy correction factor = 1.1 and the Darcy-Weisbach friction factor f = 0.0002. The minor losses in the system are negligible and can be...
Water is the working fluid in an ideal regenerative Rankine cycle with one open feed water heater, Figure 2. Upstream of the high pressure turbine superheated vapour with a mass flow rate of 90 kg/s entres the first-stage turbine at a pressure of 14 MPa Each turbine stage has an isentropic efficiency of 90%. The temperature of the inlet vapour is 520°C. The steam expands through the first-stage turbine to a pressure of 0.9MPa where some of the steam is...
(17%) Problem 4: The water of a 14° x 48' metal frame pool can drain from the pool through an opening at the side of the pool. The opening is about h = 1.2 m below the water level. The capacity of the pool is V= 3890 gallons, the pool can be drained in 144 mins, Po is the pressure of the atmosphere. ρ is the density of the water 14% Part (a) Write the Bernoulli's equation of the water...
2. Water flows over a flat surface at 8 m/s, as shown in figure. A pump draws off water through a narrow slit at a volume rate of 0.2 m2/s per meter length of the slit. Assume that the fluid is incompressible and inviscid and can be represented by the combination of a uniform flow and a sink. a) Based on method of superposition, propose a general expression for stream function ψ velocity potential ф, and velocity components of v,...