Question

VIEW QUESTIONS REVIEW the following definitions within o ther forms of cons lammation of cardiac Endocard b. Pericarditis Myocard d. Throm How would you do the soft bophlebs Cardiac arre ammation of the se surrounding the heart Inflammation of the heart valves and chambers Heart suddenly ceases to pump 5 Local dilation of a blood vessel Inflammation of vein with shrombus formation Aneurysm Varicose veins h. Aplastic anemia L Lymphedema Dilated, tortuous veins Short Answer en you describe the four types of anemias Iron deficiency anemia Folic acid deficiency anemia Pernicious anemia & Aplastic anemia . What are the identifying characteristics of the four ypes of leukemia? · Acute myeloid (myelogenous) leukemia b. Acute lymphocytic (lymphoblastic) leukemia c Chronic myeloid (myelogenous) leukemia d. Chronic lymphocytic (lymphoblastic) leukemia 1. How would you compare/contrast the following? 2. Atherosclerosis build up of any plajue wavam b. Arteriosclerosis 105) of clasicy of vesels duc 4 What are five risk factors for CAD? nigh LoL cholesterol Multiple Choice Place a shock market to the correanu 1. According to the medical community, what contres stage lessential hypertension! 120 systolic pressure and 80 diastolic pressure b. Over 140 systolic pressure and over 90 dias- tolic pressure c. Obesity, sedentary Westyle, and being African American d. Over 160 systolic pressure and over 100 dias- tolic pressure 2. What is the classic symptom of myocardial infarction, especially in men! a. Hematemesis, dysphagia b. Crushing chest pain that may radiate to the left arm, neck, and jaw Tachypnea and heart palpitations d. Claudication, limb numbness 3. What is the common medication taken sublingually or topically for angina pectoris! a . Nitroglycerin preparations b. Specific antibiotics c. Antidiuretics d. Antispasmodic medication 4. What is the other name for non-Hodgkin disease! a. Lymphedema b. Lymphocytopenia c. Lymphosarcoma d. Lymphadenitis smokins

Answer 1

Match the following:

Question

1. Inflammation of the cardiac muscle

Answer

C) Myocarditis

Rationale

Myo - muscle

myocardium is the cardiac muscle, inflammation means itis

Inflammation of the myocardium is called myocarditis

2. Inflammation of the sac surrounding the heart

Answer: B) the sac surrounding the heart is called pericardium

the medical term for surrounding is called peri

the inflammation of the pericardium is called pericarditis

3. Answer A)

camber and the valves of heart located in the endocardium

endo means inside

so inflammation of the valves and camber of the heart is called endocarditis

4. E) cardiac arrest

If the heart suddenly stops to function it is called cardiac arrest

5. F) Aneurysm

An aneurysm is an outward bulging, likened to a bubble or balloon, caused by a localized, abnormal, weak spot on a blood vessel wall.

6.D) Thrombophlebitis

Thrombophlebitis involves the formation of a blood clot in the presence of venous inflammation or injury.

7. G) Varicose vein

Varicose veins are superficial veins that have become enlarged and twisted. Typically they occur just under the skin in the legs. Usually they result in few symptoms but some may experience fullness or pain in the area.

Short answers

Anemia is a condition in which the body does not have enough healthy red blood cells. Red blood cells provide oxygen to body tissues.

1. Iron deficiency anemia

It develops when body stores of iron drop too low to support normal red blood cell (RBC) production. Inadequate dietary iron, impaired iron absorption, bleeding, or loss of body iron in the urine may be the cause. ^[1] Iron equilibrium in the body normally is regulated carefully to ensure that sufficient iron is absorbed in order to compensate for body losses of iron.

2. Folate-deficiency anemia

Folate-deficiency anemia is a decrease in red blood cells (anemia) due to a lack of folate. Folate is a type of B vitamin. It is also called folic acid.

Folate (folic acid) is needed for red blood cells to form and grow. One can get folate by eating green leafy vegetables and liver. However, your body does not store folate in large amounts. So, all need to eat plenty of folate-rich foods to maintain normal levels of this vitamin.

3. Pernicious anemia

It is defined as a type of vitamin B12 deficiency that results from impaired uptake of vitamin B-12 due to the lack of a substance known as intrinsic factor (IF) produced by the stomach lining.

4. Aplastic anemia

Aplastic anemia is a form of bone marrow failure. It is primarily a disease of children and younger adults but can occur at any age. Typically, as old blood cells die off naturally, they are replaced by new blood cells formed in the bone marrow. In aplastic anemia, the bone marrow does not produce new cells, leaving the body susceptible to bleeding and infection.

2) Identifying characteristic features of four types of leukemia

Leukaemia is a progressive, neoplastic disease of the hematopoietic system characterized by unregulated proliferation of uncommitted or partially committed stem cells.

Acute myelocytic leukemia – AML Includes myeloblastic, promyelocytic, monocytic, myelomonocytic, erythrocytic, and megakaryocytic

Acute lymphocytic leukemia – ALL (Includes T cell, B cell, and Null cell)

Chronic myelocytic leukemia – CML Includes myelocytic and myelomonocytic)

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia CLL –  Includes plasmocytic {multiple myeloma}, Hairy cell, prolymphocytic, large granular cell lymphocytic, Sezary’s syndrome, and circulating lymphoma)

3. Compare/Contrast the following

Atherosclerosis is the accumulation and build-up of plaque inside the arterial walls. As the artery thickens, the circulation of oxygen-rich blood becomes compromised, leading to cardiovascular diseases such as peripheral vascular disease, stroke, and heart attack.

More common amongst medium or large-sized arteries

Arteriosclerosis is the hardening or thickening of the arterial walls due to aging and other risk factors. As the arteries lose elasticity due to the decline in the production of elastin, the arteries become narrowed, which in turn constricts blood flow.

More common amongst arterioles or small arteries

4. Five risk factors of CAD

Non- modifiable risk factors

Increasing age

male sex

Heredity

Modifiable risk factors

High blood cholesterol

high blood pressure

Physical inactivity

obesity and overweight

Diabetes mellitus

5. Three forms of angina pectoris

Angina Pectoris

Angina pectoris is the medical term for chest pain or discomfort usually due to coronary artery disease. It occurs when the heart muscle doesn’t get as much blood, and therefore as much oxygen, as it needs. This usually happens because one or more of the heart’s arteries has narrowed or blocked.

Different Types of Angina Pectoris

Stable Angina

In stable angina, episodes of chest discomfort are usually predictable. They can occur during exertion (such as running to catch a bus) or during mental or emotional stress. Normally, the chest discomfort is relieved with rest, use of nitroglycerin, or both.

Unstable Angina

In unstable angina, chest pain can occur at any time—often while a person is resting. The discomfort may be more severe and last longer than in typical angina. The most common cause is reduced blood flow to the heart muscle because the coronary arteries are narrowed by fatty buildups.

Variant Angina Pectoris

Variant angina pectoris can happen at any time. Unlike typical angina, it nearly always occurs when a person is resting. Attacks can be very painful and usually happen between midnight and 8AM. Variant angina is caused by spasms in the coronary arteries. About two-thirds of people with variant angina have severe coronary blockages in at least one major vessel. The spasm usually occurs very close to the blockage.

6. Hypertension

Blood pressure is the force exerted by circulating blood against the walls of the body’s arteries, the major blood vessels in the body. Hypertension is when blood pressure is too high.

Essential hypertension (also called idiopathic hypertension) is the form of hypertension that by definition has no identifiable cause. It is the most common type of hypertension, affecting 95% of hypertensive patients;

• Stage 1 hypertension. Stage 1 hypertension is a systolic pressure ranging from 130 to 139 mm Hg or a diastolic pressure ranging from 80 to 89 mm Hg.
• Stage 2 hypertension. More severe hypertension, stage 2 hypertension is a systolic pressure of 140 mm Hg or higher or a diastolic pressure of 90 mm Hg or higher.

Multiple choose

1. c)

2. B

3. A

4. d