Question

Learning Goal: Develop problem-solving skills wing chemical equilibria and oplying Le Chatter's principle Solving problems with chemical equilibrium If you know the basic principles of chemical equilibrium, you can analyze and predict reversible reactions. To analyze any reversible reaction, follow these problem-solving steps: 1. Identify the reactants and products for the given chemical reaction. 2. Draw a diagram of the reaction to better understand what is happening 3. Identify how increasing or decreasing a product or reactant stresses the equilibrium 4. Determine which direction the equilibrium must run to resolve the stress 5. Determine the impact on the concentration of each reactant and product Understanding chemical equilibrium and reversible actions Reactions in chemical equilibrium are different from reactions in which the reactants irreversibly form products, Reactions going to completion are represented by a single arrow showing that the reaction proceeds only to the right. This means the reactants form products. For example: HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq) + H2O(l) + NaCl(aq) Equilibrium, on the other hand, requires a reversible reaction that moves both forward and in reverse to reform reactants. Eventually a dynamic state occurs where the reaction proceeds in both directions at an equal rate without a further change to the concentration of reactants or products. Reversible reactions are represented with a double arrow that shows that the reaction is occurring in both directions and is in equlibrium. For example HC,H,O, (aq) +H, O H,O" (aq) + C, H, O, (aq) Le Chatelier's principle states that when equilibrium is disturbed, the rates of the forward and reverse reactions change to relieve that stress and re-establish equilibrium In this tutorial, you will learn the basic principles of chemical equilibrium and use Le Chatelier's principle to predict the equilibrium shit for reversible reactions as a result of stress. This problem-solving skill will serve you in a variety of chemistry problems, involving all types of reactions Part A - Identify the stress

Answer 1

Part A

Change	system stress	Equilibrium shift
Add CO(g)	Increase reactant	Forward reaction rate temporarily increase.
Remove H2O (g)	Decrease reactant	Forward reaction rate temporarily decrease
Add CO2 (g)	Increase product	Reverse reaction rate temporarily increase
Remove H2 (g)	Decrease product	Reverse reaction rate temporarily decrease

Part B

Shift in direction of reactants: This occurs when either products have been increased or reactants have been decreased.

---- Adding OH^-

---- Adding NH₄⁺

Shift in direction of products:

This occurs when reactants have been increased or products have been decreased.

---- Removing OH^-

---- Removing NH₄⁺

---- Adding NH₃

Part C

Phrases to be filled in blanks:

1. Equilibrium shifts to O₂ release.

2. Equilibrium shifts to HbO₂ formation

3. Equilibrium shifts to HbO₂ formation

4. Equilibrium shifts to O₂ release