Question

Define the following terms: 1. Carboxylic acid derivatives 2. Fischer esterification 3. Gilman reagents 4. Hydrolysis 5. Saporification I 6. Formic acid

Answer 1

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1 Carboxylic acid derivatives :- We know that general formula of carboxylic is CAH₂o Cool or R-2-04 where R- Hot and n a Definition :- In this tube of derivatives Od sno 1, 2, 3 - etc. acid 13 Doxylic replaced by other functional groups OR The compounds which have electronegative atoms like oxygen, nitrogen or halogen along with the carbonul Caroub are called carboxylic acid derivative. example :- Ester R-E-OR Amide R -&-NHR Acylchloride Fischer estritication ! Reaction of carboxul - rauds with alcohola in the bresence of acid catalyst to ester is called 70 Hische

estrification: Examble Conf. Hason CHE -COH + CH2CH2OH -- - Ethanoicacid Heat A carboxylic acid) a (An alcohol) Сн, C-Ocң Сң, t H,DH Ethyle ethannate (An ester) 3 Gilman reagents - These are the lithium Cand copper reggent combounds_ I These compounds represented as Rauli where 'R is an alkyl or aryl Hydrolysis I breakdown Hudralusis to Chemical decomposition of a compound - due to reaction with water ons water and lysis means o breakdown on decomposition or Hydro means water and unbind.

Heat £xemble. Did H₂SO4 CH₂ + C-oh -OCH₂ CH3 + H₂O Ethyl ethanoate Ethanoic acid CH3CH2OH Ethanol Ang 5 Saponification ! Alkaline hydrolysis of an ester to give the salf of the corresponding carboxylic acid and the alcohol is called a saponification example CH₂ - OCH₂CH2 + NaOH Heat CH - E-Ona + Sodium Ethyl ethanoate Sodium ethandate hydroxide О, СИ, СН2ОН Elhanal

6 Formic acid. It is the simplest carboxylic acid containing only one carbon atom. General formula fom carboxylic acids in Cotant, cooh where n=0,1,2, ----ete

It D=0, then formula is HCOOH : It is formic acid or methanoic acid. It presents in the bee's sting and other insects</sub></sup>