Question

Chapter 11: Safety and Quality Assurance 1. Describe tips to ensure safety in medication administration 2. Describe OSHA 3. QA 4. Rules to follow when administering medications 5. Reducing Medication errors using 3+7 Chapter 12: Enteral Routes Describe: 1. Oral Administrating of medications 2. Rectal Administration of medications 3. Safety in administration of oral medications

Answer 1

Ans.

1 . The Five Rights of Medication Administration. One of the recommendations to reduce medication errors and harm is to use the “five rights”: the right patient, the right drug, the right dose, the right route, and the right time.

Safety considerations:

• Plan medication administration to avoid disruption: ...
• Prepare medications for ONE patient at a time.
• Follow the SEVEN RIGHTS of medication preparation (see below).
• Check that the medication has not expired.
• Perform hand hygiene.
• Check room for additional precautions.
• Introduce yourself to patient.
• Confirm patient ID using two patient identifiers (e.g., name and date of birth) AND check against MAR.
• Check allergy band for any allergies, and ask patient about type and severity of reaction.
• Complete necessary focused assessments, lab values, and/or vital signs, and document on MAR.
• Provide patient education as necessary.
• If a patient questions or expresses concern regarding a medication, stop and do not administer.

2. OSHA--

OSHA means the Federal Occupational Safety and Health Administration or the State agency responsible under a Plan approved under section 18 of the Act for the enforcement of occupational safety and health standards in that State.

OSHA's Mission

With the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970, Congress created the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) to ensure safe and healthful working conditions for working men and women by setting and enforcing standards and by providing training, outreach, education and assistance.

3. Quality assurance (QA) is a way of preventing mistakes and defects in manufactured products and avoiding problems when delivering products or services to customers; which ISO 9000 defines as "part of quality management focused on providing confidence that quality requirements will be fulfilled".

Examples of quality assurance activities include process checklists, process standards, process documentation and project audit. Examples of quality control activities include inspection, deliverable peer reviews and the software testing process. You may like to read more about the quality assurance vs quality control.Jun 29, 2016

4. Following the basic rule coupled with the “8 rights of medication administration” — right patient, right dose, right medication, right route, right time, right reason, right response and right documentation — can help you avoid medication administration errors.

rules of safe medication administration--

Ensuring the following rights:

• right PATIENT.
• right MEDICATION.
• right REASON.
• right DOSE - for the patient's weight.
• right ROUTE.
• right FREQUENCY.
• right TIME.
• right SITE.

5.

following is a list of strategies for minimizing dispensing errors:

1. Ensure correct entry of the prescription. ...
2. Confirm that the prescription is correct and complete. ...
3. Beware of look-alike, soundalike drugs. ...
4. Be careful with zeros and abbreviations. ...
5. Organize the workplace. ...
6. Reduce distraction when possible.
7. Focus on reducing stress and balancing heavy workloads.
8. Take the time to store drugs properly.
9. Thoroughly check all prescriptions
10. Always provide thorough patient counseling.

Chepter 12 .

1.  Oral administration is a route of administration where a substance is taken through the mouth. ... Many medications are taken orally because they are intended to have a systemic effect, reaching different parts of the body via the bloodstream, for example.

2. Rectal administration uses the rectum as a route of administration for medication and other fluids, which are absorbed by the rectum's blood vessels, and flow into the body's circulatory system, which distributes the drug to the body's organs and bodily systems.

Rectal medicines are administered (given) through the anus into the rectum (back passage, or bottom). They must not be taken by mouth.
...
Suppositories

1. Wash your hands thoroughly with soap and hot water.
2. Your child should be lying on their side or front.
3. Hold one buttock gently to one side so that you can see the rectum.

3. Patients with altered gastrointestinal function (e.g., vomiting and nausea) should not be given oral medications, since they would not be able to retain them. Oral medications are contraindicated in patients that are unconscious, uncooperative, or unable to swallow due to a medical problem.