Compare and contrast the different skin cancers in terms of altered cell type, pathology, clinical manifestations, treatment and prevention.
Skin cancer arise from the skin due to the development of abnormal cells that have the ability to multiply and spread to other parts of the body.There are 3 types of skin cancers ;
1) Basal cell carcinoma
2) Squamous cell carcinoma
3) Melanoma
Squamous cell carcinoma is caused by the uncontrolled growth of abnormal squamous cell . Basal cell carcinoma is a type of skin cancer that begins in the basal cell. Melanoma is a serious type of cancer . 90 percent of cases are caused by the exposure to ultraviolet radiation from sun .people with light skin are at higher risk . Diagnosis of cancer is made by biopsy.
Pathology
A malignant epithelial tumour that initially originate in epidermis of skin . Tumour cells destroy basement membrane and form compact masses . The immature cells at periphery becomes more mature .These tumour cells become keratinized cells , as a result the surrounding stroma is reduced and contains inflammatory infiltrate.
Clinical manifestation
Basal cell carcinoma present as an elevated , smooth , pearly bump on sun exposed areas like head , neck and shoulders. Crusting and bleeding in the middle of tumour may also occur .
Squamous cell carcinoma appears as a red scaling thickened patch on sun exposed areas of skin
Melanoma consists of various colour from shades of brown to black . Few melanoma are pink , red and fleshy in colour these are called amelanotic melanoma. Pain , itching, ulceration and redness around the site present.
Prevention
- sunscreen is the effective method to prevent melanoma and squamous cell carcinoma
-Avoid midday sun exposure
-wear protective clothings
- use sunglasses and hats
-Avoid use of tobacco use
-vitamin supplements and antioxidants supplements have an effect in the prevention of cancer
Treatment
For low risk disease radiation therapy, topical chemotherapy and cryotherapy ( freezing cancer off) is the best treatment done .
Moh’s micrographic surgery is a technique used to remove cancer with least amount of surrounding tissue and edges are checked immediately to see tumour .
Treatment of melanoma include a combination of surgery , chemotherapy, radiation therapy and targeted therapy .
Compare and contrast the different skin cancers in terms of altered cell type, pathology, clinical manifestations,...
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