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N Ctrl Extension Questions Model 3 - Ionization Energies 2400 2200 .. 1st lonization Energy (kJ/mol) .. Period 1 .- Period 2

19. How does the graph in Model 3 illustrate the periodic trend for ionization energy as you move down a column of the period

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17 a. The graph represents the 1st ionization energy of atoms. Ionization energy is the amount of energy required to remove an electron from the outermost shell of an isolated gaseous atom.

17 b. The four lines represents the increasing trend of ionization energy of the columns or groups of the periodic table.

18 . The ionization energy generally increases on moving left to right across a period .

19. The ionization energy generally decreases on moving top to botttom down the group.

20. No the trends are not perfect. The bips or discrepencies in the trends are due to

  1. Nuclear charge: the greater the magnitude of nuclear charge the more tightly the electrons are held by the nucleus and hence more will be ionization energy.
  2. Number of electron shells: the greater the size of the atom, the less tightly the electrons are held by the nucleus and ionization energy will be less.
  3. Effective nuclear charge (Zeff): the greater the magnitude of electron shielding and penetration the less tightly the electrons are held by the nucleus, the lower the Zeff of the electron, and hence less will be the ionization energy.[4]
  4. Type of orbital ionized: the atom having a more stable electronic configuration has less tendency to lose electrons and consequently has high ionization energy.
  5. Occupancy of the orbital matters: if the orbital is half or completely filled then it is harder to remove electrons

No they do not always occur in the same place.

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