Question

18) Wound Drains
Describe in brief the closed and open wound drainage system ( in 30-50 word each)

18.1) Closed drains

18.2) Open drains

19 Wound Specimens
Briefly describe the following types of wound specimen:

19.1 Wound Swab

19.2 Wound Fluid Sample

19.3 Deep tissue biopsy

Answer 1

18 WOUND DRAINS

A tube that is placed into the wound to remove pus or fluids after surgery from a specific site, insertion of the drain to the wound after surgery does not result into the faster recovery from the wound but it helps in preventing from the accumulation of the fluids that may cause infection.

there are various types of wound drain one may be attached to the wall, the portable suction or it may be left to flow with the help of gravity.

a drain fluid should be measured accurately and recorded, this is done to ensure the proper healing of the wound as well as to check any bleeding, a drain can be kept up to the week depends upon the type of wound.

a drain is placed to remove any dead space, excessive fluid, pus, and to eliminate the possibility of infection.

  

18.1 CLOSED DRAIN

The closed drain system is the type of drainage system in which surgical drains are collected into the closed sealed bottle or bags, the closed drainage system mainly used after abdominal surgery and the chest surgery, as it doesn't take more surface area to drain and has less contact with the environment so, there is less chance of infection.

Jackson- Pratt drainage system is one of the examples of the closed drainage system and it works on negative pressure vacuum, the shape of the JP drain is like a bulb with folds attached with tubing, one end of the tubing is attached with the bulb and the other end with the wound, it removes fluid by creating negative pressure and suction.

other examples are;

pigtail drain, Hemovac drain, etc...

18.2 OPEN DRAIN

The open drain is the drain which is allowed to flow freely in the environment on the piece of rubber sheet or on plastic sheets, an open drain is collected on to the gauze pad or in the stoma bags, as they come in contact with the environment continuously it has a higher risk of infection,

one of the open drain systems is the Penrose drain system.

PEN ROSE DRAIN SYSTEM ( open wound drain )

A pen rose drainage system is very flexible and soft, it doesn't have a collecting bag or the device attached to it, the fluid is drained on a gauze pad, the fluid, blood, or the pus move from the higher concentration to the lower concentration, also a pin is attached to the outer portion to avoid flow of pus back into the wound.

19.1    Wound swab

it is the clinical procedure which is performed to detect the type of infection in the wound by taking the wound sample from the wound on the swab.

some wounds take more time to heal, and some get infected, to ensure the infection it is important to take wound swab from the area and send it to the laboratory for investigation,

it is the procedure in which the wound is cleaned and hygiene is maintained while taking the sample, wound sample on the swab is collected by rotating sterile swab ( that is specially made for sample collection ) at the margin of the wound in a zig-zag fashion, slight pressure is applied on the wound to remove pus or the fluid to collect it on the swab and further put the swab in a culture medium and label it and after it is sent to the laboratory for investigation.

19.2 WOUND FLUID SAMPLE

THERE ARE TWO TYPE OF WOUND ONE IS OPEN WOUND AND THE OTHER ONE IS CLOSED TYPE

TO COLLECT THE FLUID FOR SAMPLE

when the wound drainage system is closed then the fluid can be removed by putting a small needle into the wound with the help of a syringe and this procedure is called needle aspiration, further, it is transferred to the culture medium, and later for investigation, this method can be applied for collecting the sample from the tube drainage also by putting syringe at the sampling pot.

if the wound is open, it can be expressed by creating pressure on the wound and it is collected in a sample bottle or the swab and placed in a culture media for further investigation.

    19.3 DEEP TISSUE BIOPSY

A Deep tissue biopsy is a procedure in which tissues from the deep within the body is removed for diagnostic purpose,

a deep tissue biopsy can be performed at any area of the body to examine the tissue and the tissues to check for cancerous cells growth or to remove any tumor or the mass from the body, it is the procedure performed by the medical pathologist or the surgeon for physical and chemical examination.