Question

please help with how the flow chart will look like? thank you!

Synthesis of n-Butyl Bromide Purpose of the Experiment: In this week's experiment you will be synthesizing n-butylbromide (IUPAC 1-bromobutane from 1-butanol and a concentrated acid via a nucleophilie substitution reaction. It is important to know that alcohols dehydrate to form alkenes in the presence of strong inorganic acids, so care must be taken in this experiment not to heat the reaction too vigorously else an elimination reaction may occur and significantly impact the percent yield. HSO4 NAB Figure 1: Synthesis of n-butylbromide through an Sy2 mechanism. Procedure: Begin the experiment by placing 2.4 g of sodium bromide in a 10 mL round bottom flask. Add - 2.4 ml of water and 1.4 ml of 1-butanol and swirl well to mix the liquids. Place the flask securely in an ice bath and carefully add 2.0 mL of concentrated H,SO, a few milliliters at a time. Swirl the flask in between additions of acid. After all the acid has been added, add one boiling chip and attach a reflux condenser and warm the flask gently with a 50 ml beating mantle (insulate the round bottom flask with glass wool See Figure A below). Continue heating until the liquid reaches a gentle boil (a very slow rate of bubbles coming from the bottom of the flask; set the variacto 120V and a setting of about 30-40% on the dial and then adjust as necessary to maintain a gentile boll). Reflux under these condition for 60 minutes Remove the heat source and allow the apparatus to cool just enough so that you can disconnect the round bottom flask without burning your fingers. Remove the aqueous layer as waste (using a Pasteur pipet) while the solution is still hot. (Remember, the aqueous layer is not necessarily the bottom layer, you will need to check every time. Your results may be different from those of other students, so check the layers yourself, don't rely on other people's results!) Also, throughout extraction, keep the organic product covered between waits to minimize evaporation. Transfer the organic layer to a centrifuge tube, and slowly add - 2 mL of 9M H,SO. Cap the tube, shake gently with frequent venting. When done, allow the layers to separate. Remove the aqueous layer as waste (bottom layer) and add-2 ml of water to the organic layer in the centrifuge tube. Cap the centrifuge tube, shake well with frequent venting. When done, allow the layers to separate. Pipet out the organic layer into a clean centrifuge tube and add-2 ml of saturated aqueous NaHCO, tinted with Malachite green indicator. Close the tube with its lid, shake well with frequent venting, and then allow the layers to separate. Now transfer the organic layer (the lighter green solution - bottom layer) to a clean, dry, 25 mL Erlenmeyer flask and add about 10 pellets of anhydrous calcium chloride. Test for correct amount by adding a few more pellets; when Calcium Chloride no longer swells/clumps, you have added enough to completely dry the solution. Cover the flask with parafilm to prevent evaporation. Swirl and allow it to dry for 5 minutes Decant the organic product into a dry 10 ml round bottom flask containing a boiling chip and immediately connect it to a Hickman Still Head apparatus for distillation (See Figure B below). Record the temperature while the product is collecting in the well of the Hickman Still Head. Transfer the product immediately by using a Pasteut pipet or just pouring out from the side arm of the Hickman Still (see Figure C) into a pre-weighed vial with cap. Determine the mass of your final product, with your instructor's help, measure the IR and 'H-NMR spectra of your product Attache sedenser

Answer 1

Reaction mixture + aqueou layer separate the aqueous layer discard the aqueous layer + inorganic impurities Organic layer + 1-bromobutane + impurities extract organic layer with H2SO4 9M discard the aqueous layer + inorganic impurities Organic layer + 1-bromobutane + impurities Wash with 2mL water discard the aqueous layer + inorganic impurities Organic layer + 1-bromobutane + impurities extract with 2mL NaHCO3 solution discard the aqueous layer + inorganic impurities Organic layer 1-bromobutane Dry over anhy. CaCl2 and decant 1-bromobutane Use this dry liquid to distilation which will provide pure 1-bromobutane