Question

Pathophysiology of myocardial infarction

Please add references within 3years.

Answer 1

Pathophysiology of myocardial infarction

MI refers to the process by which areas of myocardial cells in the heart are permanently destroyed. Like unstable angina, MI is
usually caused by reduced blood flow in a coronary artery due to atherosclerosis and occlusion of an artery by an embolus or
thrombus. Because unstable angina and acute MI are considered to be the same process but different points along a continuum, the
term acute coronary syndrome (ACS) may be used for these diagnoses. Other causes of an MI include vasospasm (sudden constriction or narrowing) of a coronary artery; decreased oxygen supply (eg, from acute blood loss, anemia, or low blood pressure); and increased demand for oxygen (eg, from a rapid heart rate, thyrotoxicosis, or ingestion of cocaine). In each case, a profound imbalance exists between myocardial oxygen supply and demand. Coronary occlusion, heart attack, and MI are terms used synonymously,
but the preferred term is MI. The area of infarction takes time to develop. As the cells are deprived of oxygen, ischemia
develops, cellular injury occurs, and over time, the lack of oxygen results in infarction, or the death of cells.