Question

How does dyslipidemia lead to myocardial infarction?

How does obesity effect myocardial infarction l

Answer 1

Damage to the endothelium stimulates the growth of smooth muscle cells.These cells secrete collagen and fibrous proteins.Lipids,platelets and other clotting factors accumulate.Scar tissue replaces some of the arterial wall.An early indication of injury is a fatty streak on the lining of the artery .This build up of of fatty deposits is known as plaque.Plaque is composed of smooth muscle cells ,fibrous proteins and cholesterol laden foam cells.Plaque has irregular ,jagged edges that allow blood cells and other material to adhere to the walll of the artery.The portion of the plaque that faces the bloodstream develop a fibrous cap,a firm shell that often contains calcium.Overtime this build-up becomes calcified and hardened,causing turbulence that damages cells and increases the build-up within the vessel.Sometimes the plaques fibrous cap tears or ruptures and a blood clot forms.This blood clot can completely block the coronary artery ,or it may break loose and ledge within a smaller aretery leading to the heart .The vessel may become stenosed by plaque build -up.This build-up of plaque may cause partial or total occlusion of the artery resulting in reduced blood flow.The area distal to the occlusion may become ischaemic.

Obesity is an important risk factor for the development of MI .Abdominal obesity was more predictive of myocardial infarction than BMI alone.Higher weights are associated with increased risk of disease.Obesity is associated with hypertension,dyslipidemia,insulin resistance and C-reactive protein all of which increases the risk of events related to MI.Obesity has many adverse effects on cardiovascular function and structure.The total blood volume and cardiac output are increased in obesity and cardiav workload is greater