Question

2. (15 points) You have discovered a way to modify a chemical species in such a way that you can completely control their intermolecular interactions. This is, you can design molecules so that in the gas phase, they can be described by the van der Waals equation of state, P = nRT- , with any positive or zero values of the parameters a and b that you desire. (a) (5 points) Falcon Safety Products, manufacturer of "Canned Air" cleaners, contacts you to develop a new gas product which requires less work to compress compared to their current formulation. Their current formulation behaves like an ideal gas, and their canning process involves a reversible isothermal compression of their gas formulation. Explain in two or three sentences how you would choose to design the van der Waal parameters to meet their needs. (b) (5 points) Falcon will pay you handsomely if you can deliver a product that requires 10% less work to compress compared to their current formulation. In keeping with your previous strategy, derive a mathematical expression that will allow you to determine what values of the van der Waals parameter(s) you should target to satisfy their needs.

Answer 1

3 ) The zero law of thermodynamics states that if two systems, A and B, are in thermal equilibrium with a third system, C, then Aand B are in thermal equilibrium with each other. in mathematically (if A=C and B=C, then A=B).

The zero law is incredibly importance as it allows us to defined the concept of a temperature scale.

One consequence of an equivalence relationship is that the equilibrium relationship is symmetric . temperature of À is equal to temperature of B, and temperature of B is equal to A.

Zeroth low of thermodynamics define the temperature scale.

2)first law of thermodynamics based on the conservation of energy, the total energy of an isolated system is constant. In thermodynamics energy can be transformed from one form to another form. But can be neither creat nor destroyed .

∆U= Q - W

It states that the change in the internal energyΔU of a closed system is equal to the amount of heat Q supplied to the system, minus the amount of work W done by the system on its surroundings. An equivalent statement is that perpetual motion machines of the first kind are impossible