Question

1. Select one of the following medical devices and research 1t, 2nd, and 3rd generation biomaterials that have been used (or are in development). Summarize their use. Catheters Electrodes Vascular stents Dentures

Answer 1

Biomaterials are used in different medical devices for chronic illness and for aging population..Biomaterials derived from natural and synthetic sources,which is interact with biological tissue like skin, bones, teeth, blood and type of cells..it composed of metal and metal alloys, ceramics,polymers etc..it made multiple challenges for immune intolerance, infection, inflammatory reaction and incompatibility..

Electrodes:

Different types of material used in electrodes to provide different usage to prevent breakdown and to prove effective electrochemical window available for particular system..

Platinum and gold mesh electrodes have successful results to study hemeproteins and the transferrin in the lab..gold has negative potential window before breakdown of solvent...electrode material should be configured for monochromatic light oxidation state probe...

Material and fabrication have contact with machining performance for surface modification and coating purposes as the coating facilitated by tool fabrication method.. Titanium powder used in electrodes for surface modification to create thick Tic layer on the surface..

Ti particles in the electrode material process of carbon steel used due to the heat from the discharge..multilayer electrode ( MLE) make the composition of Ti and C and the surface hardness of the coated layer, it reduce the surface roughness and micro-cracks and increase the electrical discharge stability and coating speed..

Conductivity and electro chemical properties of the electrodes improved at a smaller amount of carbon nanotubes in lithium- Ion batteries..CNTs have several active material like LICoCo2, LiNio.7, Co0.3o2, Mno2, LiMn2o4, LiFePo4 and LiMnPo4, it improves the capacity retention by avoiding contact loss between the active particles..

Tungsten material used for low electrical resistance, high melting point, good emission of electrodes, good thermal conductivity..porous material used for heterogeneous catalysis, absorption, seperation, gas storage, sensitivity..Alloy based electrodes improves specific capacity and cycle life performance in electrode system..