Question

12. What is disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)? Briefly describe the cause, typical signs, symptoms and what the potential adverse outcomes might be if this condition cannot be treated 13. What is a reason that non-Hodgkin's lymphomas are often more difficult to harder to treat than Hodgkin's lymphomas? Give an idea as to how you might overcome this issue and include how you might effectively apply the difference in using PET imaging versus Gallium- scintigraphy as well as staging concepts in diagnosis and treatment of these types of lymphomas based on the publication by Friedberg and Chengazi (2003) that is included for further reading on Blackboard

Answer 1

Ans.12) Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is a condition in which blood clot are formed all through the body, blocking little veins.

Signs and symptoms - The main cause of DIC is generally infested in the form of symptoms and signs. The onset of DIC can be sudden, as in endotoxic stun or amniotic liquid embolism, or it might be insidious and chronic, as in malignant growth. DIC can prompt multi-organ failure and across the board dying.

Cause -

• Hard tumors and blood malignancies.
• Obstetric inconveniences: abruptio placentae, amniotic liquid embolism, septic fetus removal etc.
• Enormous tissue damage: extreme injury, hyperthermia, rhabdomyolysis.
• Sepsis or serious disease of any sort (contaminations by almost all microorganisms can cause DIC, however bacterial diseases are the most widely recognized): bacterial (Gram-negative and Gram-positive sepsis), viral, parasitic or protozoan contaminations.
• Transfusion responses (i.e., ABO incongruence haemolytic responses)
• Extreme hypersensitive or lethal responses.

If not treated properly, it may cause serious bleeding which in turn eventually becomes fatal.

13.) Both Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma are malignancies of a group of white platelets known as lymphocytes, which help the body ward off contaminations and other diseases. Hodgkin lymphoma is set apart by the nearness of Reed-Sternberg cells, which are develop B cells that have turned out to be dangerous, are unusually large, and carry more than one nucleus. The main indication of the sickness is regularly the presence of augmented lymph hubs. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma, on the other hand, can be derived from B cells or T cells and can emerge in the lymph hubs just as other organs.

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma is more difficult to treat. This is due to the fact that in the patient’s of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, blood cells (lymphocytes) start to grow out of control and eventually convert into tumors. These cells are found in the lymph nodes and other lymph tissues, such as the spleen and bone marrow.