Question

**Respond must be a minimum of 400 words**

Congenital disorders are conditions a baby has that is present from birth. Congenital disorders can be inherited or caused by environmental factors and have a varying impact of the health and well-being of a child. Some common congenital disoders include cleft lip/palate, spina bifida, cystic fibrosis or some heart conditions.

The Case study, Diagnosis of a Congenital Disorder, will investigates a condition called Sirenomelia. Based on the information in the case study as well as additional research, please address the following questions:

• Shirley has taken all the necessary prenatal precautions to have a normal, healthy baby. Outline these measures and their effect on the pregnancy.

• Shirley has an ultrasound and amniocentesis to possibly identify the vascular malformation. Outline the pros and cons of these procedures and identify why amniocentesis is a better diagnostic option than ultrasound.

• The baby, Emily, has Sirenomelia. Give an overview of this condition including a discussion of possible treatments and overall health effects.

• What do you think of Emily’s parents decision to honor her wishes and not have the surgery? What would you do?

Answer 1

Prenatal measures:
-Have a regular exercise
-Drink a lot of water
-do not drink alcohol and smoke
-Avoid substance use and other antipsychotic medication
-Avoid infectious disease
-Have a regular prenatal test, urine, blood, cervical test and ultrasound
-Have a well-balanced diet and essential nutrients like calcium, folic acid, and iron
Ultrasound
advantages:
-help to find the maternal complications in advance like placenta Previa and it calculates fetus height and weight and determines the gestational age of the pregnancy.
disadvantages:
-It affects the delivery date and high risk for the congenital anomaly.
-Provide unnecessary stress about ultrasound findings.
Amniocentesis:
advantages:
-It detects genetic disorder, detect neural tube defects and may detect a birth defect and also evaluate fetus lung maturity and infection risk.
Disadvantages:
It is expensive, causes infection, invasive and high risk for miscarriage.
Amniocentesis accurately evaluate neural birth defects but USG does not measure this problem
Sirenomelia is a rare disorder it is also known as mermaid syndrome. it is a congenital disorder of the lower spine and lower limbs. infants born with complete fusion of the legs. it also accompanies with GI abnormality, lumbosacral spine, imperforate anus, genitourinary abnormalities, agenesis of both kidneys. it is often a fatal and life-threating complication. genetic and environmental factors play an important cause for this disorder. fetal ultrasound can detect an associated abnormality. treatment includes a multidisciplinary approach for treating the infant multi failure system.surgery to separate jointed legs, other treatments are supportive and symptomatic.
surgery correction of this disorder is usually not a priority and not guarantee this success and there will be a high risk for infant life. Provide psychological support for the parents and avoid mental and physical stress for the parents and provide supportive treatment. it depends on the parent's beliefs and decisions and the severity of the malformation.