Question

Metabolism and Body Composition: Amanda and Becky are both high school seniors (18-year-old females) who are trying to improve their health and lose weight before graduation. Amanda decides to try the "Hollywood cleanse," in which she onl;y consumes fruit juice prepared from concentrate during the last four weeks of school. The cleanse provides 1000 kcal/day. Becky decides to go even further and drink only water during this time (no food or calorie-containing beverages). Measurements and lab values are shown below for each woman at Day 2, 10, and 28 Amanda Becky Day 2 56.7 82 Amanda Becky 10 Amanda Day 28 52.1 90 Becky Day 28 45.8 70 10 56.1 78 55.4 84 normal/slightly decreased slightly increased decreased increased 54.3 we blood glucose insulin 72 glucagon increased slightlynormal elevated slightly increased increased increased normal cortisol normal/slightly markedly increased markedly increased markedly increased B-hydroxybutyrate normal increased normal 1 ) Cardiac muscle derives 50-80% of its energy from (1 point) 2) Carbohydrates can be used to synthesize point a) fatty acids and triacylglycerols b) enzymes and cholesterol C) cholesterol and amino acids d) leucine and cholesterol e) proteins and amino acids 3) Although Amanda is consuming exclusively carbohydrate (no lipids or protein), she would still be considered to be in which feeding state? (1 point)

Answer 1

1) Cardiac muscle derives 50 - 80% of energy from fatty acids.

Fatty acids can be used directly by the heart muscles. Fat molecules yield high energy than carbohydrates which is essential for the cardiac muscle.

2) Carbohydrates can be used to synthesize a) fatty acids and triacylglycerols.

Carbohydrate can act as a precursor for the synthesis of glucose, fatty acids, and triacylglycerols whereas Fatty cannot be used in the synthesis of glucose.

3) Amanda is in the refed state. The excess glucose remains in the peripheral tissues. The Liver does not take excess glucose and is used in the synthesis of fatty acids.