Question

5. Explain patient teaching involved in taking the various forms of contraception? 6. Explain the four stages of labor including the progression of cervical dilation and effacement, the frequency, duration, intensity of contractions and the maternal response to the contractions.

Answer 1

5.tell patient about .Two types of contraception

1.temporary method

2.permanent method.

1.Temporary methods.1.Intra uterine devices which is an long acting contraception. Eg.coper-T .

Tell patient that this is the most effe tive method of contraception.doctor put IUD into the uterus to prevent pregnancy.this device consist of copper elements.if bleeding occurs sometimes after inserting coper -T.so,tell them to inform doctor such complications occurs.it can be dislocated so it is necessary to do follow up visits to check the position as i t can be used for 3 to 5 years.Tell them that it is a temporary method of contraception.

1:2 .oral pills-tell the patient that increase itake of orall pills can cause cervical cancer,pelvic inflammatory diseases.it can rise your blood presure.Tell them about the side effects such as mood xhanges,headache,breast tenderness etc.

1:3:condoms prevent the deposits of sperm into uterine cavity.but some times it failsdue to the break of condoms during sex.thus,it is not a safest method.tell them to select appropriate size to prevent breaking of it.tell thenm that if they have any allergies of latex they cannot use it

2:Tubectomy::In this method fallopian tube is blocked to tackle pregnancy.99% of pregnancy can prevent by this method.tell them about the complications and discomfort during after procedure.this procedure is done in women.

Vasectomy.it is the male permanent contaception wich can have 99% effect.it will not change hormone level.it is one of the safest method as it hax less complications.

6.First stage:::onset of pain to the complete dilatation of cervix .it has three phases

Latent-cervicle dilatation occurs 1 to 2 cm.uterine contraction occurs every 15 to 30 minutes interval and it lasts for 15 to 30 sec.intensity of pain will be mild.

Active phase-dilatation of tbe cervix 4 to 7 cm.oterine contraction occurs every 3 to 5 minutes and it lasts for 30 to 60 seconds.patient feels moderate pain.

Transitional phase-cervix fully dilated that means 10 cm .every 2 to 3 minutes uterine contraction occurs.and it lasts for 1 to 1.5 minutes.intensity of pain will be severe pain during this time.

Second stage:complete dilatation of cervix to expulsion of foetus

Third stage-complete expulsion of placenta and membrane.

Fourth stage -after placental delivery first 4 hours is considered as fourth stage.watch latient for complicatio this recovery period.