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8. Which of the following is an example of a market failure? a) some goods are public (non-excludable and non-rival). b) mark

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Ans) 1) All of the above leads to market failure. Externality leads to non production of optimal quantity. Public goods are susceptible to free rider problem and insures suffer loss when person fails to pay the amount.

Option d.

2) Free rider problem occurs when people enjoy goods without paying the right price or at all for it. It generally occurs in public goods as they are non excludable in nature.

Option d.

3) Here lighthouse is pure public good as it is both non excludable and non rivalrous in nature. As if one is seeing the light, he cannot restrict others from seeing it.

If one is using library book, other person cannot use it. In football team,number of players are fixed.

Option a.

4) The efficient quantity of public good requires marginal cost be equal to sum of all willingness to pay.

Option d.

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