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I need to do presentation for What is common methods of diagnosing the disorder of heart transplant

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Answer 1

Heart transplant means a failing, diseased heart is replaced with a healthier, donor heart which is taken from a dead person whose relatives were willing to donate the heart of their loved one. Heart transplant is usually done for patients who have tried medications or other surgeries, but their conditions haven't improved and there is a risk for heart failure.

Causes of Heart Failure may include Cardiomyopathy (weakening of Heart muscle), Congenital Heart Diseases, Valvular defects, Coronary Artery diseases, Ventricular arrhythmias etc.

Risks of Heart Transplant:

1. Infection: Infection is the most common risk after a heart transplant. Use of immunosuppresant drugs to avoid rejection will increase the risk of infections.

2. Bleeding during or after the surgery.

3. Blood clots which can lead to heart attack, stroke, or lung problems.

4. Breathing problems.

5. Kidney failure.

6. Coronary allograft vasculopathy (CAV) - The coronary blood vessels may become thick and hard which can cause serious heart muscle damage.

7. Failure of the donor heart.

Diagnosis for the disorder of Herat Transplant includes:

Diagnosis starts with a medical history, physical examination, and blood tests. Observe for the signs and symptoms of the development of any potential risks and for the indications of the rejection of the new heart. The new heart can be get rejected by the body's immune system. Observe for flue like symptoms, fever or chills, sore throat, persistent cough,decreased urine output, weight gain, fatigue and redness, swelling or pain over the transplant site. Observe for any drainage over the incision site or catheter sites. Observe for any breathing difficulties.

Diagnostic measures include:

1. ECG monitoring (electrocardiogram)

2. Blood pressure reading and body temperature monitoring

3. Oxygen saturation level and ABG (Arterial Blood Gas)

4. Blood tests for the monitoring of the functions of new heart, and other major organs like lungs, liver and kidneys; including blood counts, urea and electrolytes, liver function tests etc.

5. Blood test to check for certain genes which are tied to transplant rejection.

6. Echocardiogram to know the functioning of the heart

7. Chest X- rays

8. Biopsy - Right heart biopsies are routinely done once in a week for the first three to six weeks after surgery and then once in every 3 months for the first year and then yearly; to detect the signs of rejection.

9. For the diagnosis of chronic rejection; Coronary Angiography, Intravascular Ultrasound and Stress test can be done.