Question

Introduction: Globally, eye diseases are considered as one of the major contributors of nonfatal disabling conditions. In Bangladesh, 1.5% of adults are blind and 21.6% have low vision. Therefore, this paper aimed to identify the community-based prevalence and associated risk factors of eye diseases among slum dwellers of Dhaka city. Methods: The study was carried out in two phases. In the first phase, a survey was conducted using multistage cluster sampling among 1320 households of three purposively selected slums in Dhaka city. From each household, one family member (≥ 18 years old) was randomly interviewed by trained data collectors using a structured questionnaire. After that, each of the participants was requested to take part in the second phase of the study. Following the request, 432 participants out of 1320 participants came into the tertiary care hospitals where they were clinically assessed by ophthalmologist for presence of eye diseases. A number of descriptive and inferential statistics were performed using Stata 13. Result: The majority of total 432 study participants were female (68.6%), married (82.6%) and Muslim (98.8%). Among them almost all (92.8%) were clinically diagnosed with eye disease. The most prevalent eye diseases were refractive error (63.2%), conjunctivitis (17.1%), visual impairment (16.4%) and cataract (7.2%). Refractive error was found significantly associated with older age, female gender and income generating work. Cataract was found negatively associated with the level of education, however, opposite relationship was found between cataract and visual impairment. Conclusion: Our study provides epidemiologic data on the prevalence of eye diseases among adult population in low-income urban community of Dhaka city. The high prevalence of refractive error, allergic conjunctivitis, visual impairment, and cataract among this group of people suggests the importance of increasing access to eye care services.

ACCORDING TO THE ARTICLE ABOVE PLEASE ANSWER THESE QUESTIONS:

What is the intended purpose of the study?

How does the research questions/hypotheses address the problem as detailed by the researcher?

How does the content in the purpose statement and research questions define the methodology used in the study?

How was the data collected and analyzed?

What was the benefit of using the selected statistical test?

What was the outcome of the study?

Answer 1

1. What is the intended purpose of the study?

Ans: To identify the community-based prevalence and associated risk factors (including older age, gender and income generating work) of eye diseases (like refractive error, conjunctivitis, visual impairment and cataract) among urban community of Dhaka city.

2. How does the research questions/hypotheses address the problem as detailed by the researcher?

Ans: The researcher carried out the study in two phases to find out the prevalence and associated risk factors of eye diseases in adult urban community of Dhaka city. In first phase study the researcher structured questionnaire and interview of family member asked to take part in second phase where the participants clinically assessed in tertiary care hospitals by ophthalmologist for presence of eye diseases.

3. How does the content in the purpose statement and research questions define the methodology used in the study?

Ans: The researcher structured questionnaire and interview in phase first study and methodology used in second phase study i.e. number of descriptive and inferential statistics performed using Stata 13 to find out the high prevalence of eye disease including refractive error, conjunctivitis, visual impairment and cataract in people of urban community which suggests the importance of increasing access to eye care services.

4. How was the data collected and analyzed?

Ans: to find out the the prevalence and associated risk factors of eye diseases in adult urban community of Dhaka city the two phase stud was carried out. In first phase study the data from 1320 households was collected by trained data collectors using a structured questionnaire. In Second phase study 432 participants were clinically assessed by ophthalmologist for presence of eye diseases. The majority of total 432 study participants were female (68.6%), married (82.6%) and Muslim (98.8%). Among them almost all (92.8%) were clinically diagnosed with eye disease.

5. What was the benefit of using the selected statistical test?

Ans: Epidemiologic data on the prevalence and associated risk factors (including older age, gender and income generating work) of eye diseases (like refractive error, conjunctivitis, visual impairment and cataract) among urban community of Dhaka city were established using the first and second phase study and also based on the descriptive and inferential statistics.

6. What was the outcome of the study?

Ans: The study provides epidemiologic data based on the prevalence of eye diseases like refractive error, allergic conjunctivitis, visual impairment, and cataract among adult population (mostly older age, female gender and income generating work) in low-income urban community of Dhaka city and suggest the importance of increasing access to eye care services.