Question

What is meant by counterfactual? In testing if a medication has led to excess mortality, how would the measurement of severity of illness help establish counterfactual claim that patients would have lived if it were not for the medication.

What is meant by counterfactual? In testing if a medication has led to excess mortality, how would the measurement of severity of illness help establish counterfactual claim that patients would have lived if it were not for the medication.

Answer 1

Counterfactual is a claim or hypothesis that has taken into consideration to assess the impact of an action which is not fact or true.

It can be assessed by several methods.,e.g causality counterfactual model

Disease frequency of severity of illness can be measured in two exposure distribution but in one target population during one etiologic time period.

If the said causal contrast is found the observed effect is the causal effect. e.g

Exposed group....................................................................Exp

initial condition was same in exposed and unexposed group

Un exposed gr...........................................................................Unexposed

initial condition was same in exposed and unexposed gr

A causal contrast= comparison of disease frequency as stated above e.g

Causal= Exp/Unexposed in one point of time....should be ideal

Causal =Exp/Substitute......................................Actual causal contrast

A substitute is other than the target population during the same time period where initial condition may not be the same

In the question Now Put the patients given in question in the above formula to calculate the disease frequency in exposed and non exposed group in the same etiologic time period