Question

After reviewing the information in Figures 1 and 2 and the table in the introduction, two students offer the following hypotheses:

• Student X: The number of fluorine atoms that bond to a metal atom is equal to the number of valence electrons of the metal. The number of fluorine atoms that bond to a nonmetal atom is equal to 8 minus the number of valence electrons of the nonmetal.
• Student Y: In general, there is an inverse relationship between the electron affinities of the period 3 elements and the number of fluorine atoms that bond to the metal or nonmetal atoms.

Do you agree with Student X's hypothesis, with Student Y's hypothesis, with both of them, or with neither of them? You can use the hints to evaluate the validity of each hypothesis before answering.

Student X's hypothesis is valid,

Student Y's hypothesis is valid,

Both hypotheses are valid,

Neither hypothesis is valid,

<Chapter 8 - Perlodic Trends Data Interpretation and Analysis Exercise 8.141: Periodic Compound Nar MgF2 |AlF3| PF3|SF|CI| Figure 2 (Figure 2) plots the electron affinities of the elements of period Use the information provided to answer the following questions. The plot shows first ionization values for all elements in period 3. Figure 1 of 2 > 1600 1400 1200 a 1000 First ionization energy (kJ/mol) 800 600 200 Na Mg Al Si P Element S Cl Ar

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Answer 1

Answer to the given question is as follows:
Answey = hy pothese's Stuclent' a X 'S The numbey of fluorine bondod to a yetal vatom es equal to oumber of valence ele ct rons of the yetal: The number of fuuorine vetoms vet oms that the that bond to va non- yetal voitom cS 8 ninus equal to edectrons of the non-yetal. the number of volence focoure ng on pardialag purticuloriy grrerp period - 3 elecyento on tuestion ore

ELectnonic cmfigwration rvumber of fluoine-ctoms Element valence electnons >15? 282 2p6 35! Na > Naf mg 1s2 25? 2p632 -> MgPz metal Al is? 25? 2p6 3 s? 3p' 112282 2p6 352 3p 3 →8-5=37 Pf3 Nonmetal -". 1c? 252 2p6 352 3p4 8-6=2-7 Sf ) 122 282 zp6 3s2 3p5 8-7=1 -> clf

hypothesis is 7 Thus, the Stadent X'S covrect: studenty's hypothes es. n vgenorol there is van invoue relationthip betwe en the elect ron vaffiniti van înverse es oft the beriod 3 elements vand the neumber of fluorine vatom s that lbond to the yeetel 01 non-Met eel of the vatoms. A cconding to the hypothesis given by steedent y Electron vaffinity of peri od 3elerent number of fluorine atoms that bond to the yetal 091 non - Metal atoms 9E the igiv en hypothesis by stredent yès waF vand Uf both sholdol true, thon howe the highest vand ele ct ron afinity hove the will pf3 Alf3 sencd least ele ct non wabfinity oendl Mg Ę voenod CE intermediate ele ctroncoffinity. will nave

But o bser ve element electron vobebinity to y dou out versus -350- 300 -- - 250 -200 (SO - l00 - 50 Ne Na mg element AL -rfhas the highesA electron 7 Elactron vaffi nity ès the tendein cy of von esolaated eores voltam gaseou to vottgroict electron . property of vom es olated the froperhy of the not witom bendeol voetom s. the nember 9 Thees, the hypotheses that ↑ of surrounding altom hos something E lect non vaffinity

to volecide vocbout itS electron affinity of the contral metal outom es incorrect. > The electnon abfinity odong a period enoreases from left to right omol the following things valso need to be taleen care off I echile oletermining the ele ctnon vaffi nity trend of peri oa 3 ele mentS that follores: vare vos E lectron iaffinity of Lond p ès Mg nearly zero Mg-162252 2p6 gr2 howe nearly be ceuuse etectr fully My- Ist252 2p6.35? have tully bi lled 3s orbrtal fully bi lledl 35 orbital At p - 15? 252 2po 3s² 3p3 0riei tal howe half filled 3P Nobel gases i-e', here An ergi(poriods) have zoro electon affinity 352 sp6 An - 12 252 2p6 , because they howe fullyfilled valence shells , pue to their high &table configwratvong nobel vgases howe absalutely no tendoncy

electron. voolal itional to talee am > Hence, ele ctron affinity nobel vgas es have sro cperriool-3) howe tives hoghest voelees of ele ctron cocffiniti here cl O. Halogens, el - 182 252 2po 35? 3p5 de ceuse they howe elect non less than the stable noble gas configuration 7 gn order to vetq, aceui re nobel got configuration, hologens howe Marèmum vom vadditional tendency to voccept elect non vand thei4 electron vaffinitice theufore high . vore Thus, we con conclude that only steedentr hypothe ses es valid.