Question

REVIEW QUESTIONS Sellke F, RO Philade Sellke F, de the che: Townsend book of Phildel Velasco J, Essenti U 1. Why are multiple prep sites often required in cardiac surgery? 2. What are the specific characteristics of cardiac clamps that differentiate them from other types of clamps? 3. Several techniques are used to isolate and manipulate blood vessels during cardiac surgery. Describe at least two. 4. What is the purpose of suture pledgets? 5. What instruments are needed to divide the sternum? 6. What is the atrial appendage? 7. What technique is often used in valve surgery to help the surgeon identify pairs of sutures between the valve and the annulus? 8. List all the drugs and solutions (and their basic action) likely to be needed and managed by the surgical technolo- gist during open heart surgery. Be sure to include hemo- static agents and tissue adhesives. 9. During cardiopulmonary bypass, the heart may be delib- erately stopped. What technique is used to stop the heart? What technique is used to start it again? 10. What are the basic indications for implanting a left ven- tricular assist device? rent tare such BIBLIO Carabello Circulat Cohn LH, McGray Denholm 87:433, Doty D, D Philade Fedak PW nologie: Haywood vationa Surgery Kouchouk surgery, Levy MN, 2007, M Pelter MM DK, Rie Braunw Rubertone Riegel I disease, Sellke FR 2010, S. 7 en Son- eart REFERENCES Cameron J, Cameron A, editors: Current surgical therapy, ed 11. Philadelphia, 2014, Saunders. Doty J, editors: Cardiac surgery operative technique, ed 2, Philadelphia, 2012, Saunders. Khatri V editor: Atlas of advanced operative surgery Philadelphie 2012 and 111

Answer 1

Preoperative skin preparation helps to reduce the spread of infection from the skin. In cardiac surgery especially in coronary artery bypass grafting the bypass are created from arteries or veins from the areas chest,leg and arm. Mammary artery,saphenous vein and radial arteries are the ideal artery to ligate the graft. Hence multiple areas are prepared in cardiac surgery.

Cardiac clamps are specialized instruments used in surgery procedures involves in clamping the blood vessels and separating the systemic circulation from the heart outflow tract.

Suture pledgets prevents the stitch from tearing through the arterial wall. The scrub nurse cuts the specific size mentioned by the surgeon.

Heart is a muscular organ located inside the sternum in order to operate the cardiac structures the surgeon must open the sternum. Certain instruments like rib retractor,rib cutter lebsche sternal chisel helps in splitting the sternum.

Heart appendage is an ear shaped sac in the muscle wall of the left and right atrium.