Question

1. Analyze the difference between descriptive and analytical research and discuss the strengths and weaknesses of retrospective, prospective, case–control, and experimental designs.

Answer 1

Descriptive research includes different kinds of surveys and fact-finding inquiries.
Analytic research includes information on readily available sources and analyzes the critical evaluation of the subject.
Retrospective design:
Strength:
-It can gather data from a large group of patients.
Weakness:
-It generates missed data, and reduces the size and power of the study and cause further damage.
Prospective design:
Strength:
-It helps to identify risk factors with regular time intervals result.
-cause Less error
Weakness:
-Susceptible to selection bias
Case-control design:
Strength:
-it is efficient for rare disease with a long latency period
-less cost, less time consuming
Weakness:
-susceptible to selection bias
-rare exposures
-Information is observation bias
-there will be a risk in incidence
Experimental design:
strength:
-easy to replicate
-No need for complex equipment
-less cost, less time consuming
Weakness:
-participants should be aware of experiments
-less realism
-Low ecological validity
-when affecting the behavior of experimenters there will be bias.