Question

Case Study Chapter 51: Caring for Clients with Diabetes Mellitus Candy Sweet, a 56-year-old female client, is recently diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. Both her mother and father had type 2 diabetes around the same age the client developed the disease. She is a secretary for a large firm and did not exercise. She has two children and had gestational diabetes with each pregnancy. The HDL cholesterol is 30 mg/dl, and the triglyceride level is 260 mg/dl, which adds to her risk factors for developing type 2 diabetes. The client's BMI is 26, and she has intra-abdominal obesity. The vital signs are T. 98 °F: BP, 150/90 mm Hg: HR, 60 beats/minute; RR. 22 breaths/minute. The fasting blood sugar (FBS) is 150 mg/dL. The client has started a weight reduction diet and low impact exercise program 2 weeks ago at a local 2 weeks. She hopes that once she health and fitness center. The client lost 2 pounds each week reaches a normal BMI, her blood sugar, blood pressure, and cholesterol will become controlled, and she may only need a diet to control her diabetes. The client was taking a biguanide, metformin (Glucophage) but recently stopped taking it because she experienced severe abdominal cramping and diarrhea. After stopping the medication, the symptoms resolved. During this clinic visit, the physician ordered an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, acarbose (Precose). She asked the LPN/LVN to please review the symptoms of hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia and the treatment for hypoglycemia. Answer the following:

Answer 1

Symptoms of hyperglycemia:

Polyurea

Polydepsia

Polyphagia

Blured vision

Sexual dysfuncfion

Weight loss

Delayed wound healing

Vaginittis

Peripheral neuropathy

Symptoms of hypoglycemia ::

Mild hypoglycemia...sugar level<40->60

1.Excess hunger

2.fatigue

3.palpitations

4.Tachycardia

5.Tremor

6anxiety

7.swating

Treatment:::1)oral glucose administration

2.simple fast acting carbohydrate( 10 to 15gm oral glucose)

Moderate hypoglycemia::

1.drowsiness

2.confusion.

3.slurring of speech

4.severe headache

5.diplopis

Treatment::1)oral glucose15 to 30gm

2.iv dextrose

RBS checking

Severe hypoglycemia;;

1.seizure

2.unconsciousness

Treatment:: IM or Subcutaneous glucagon.