Question

How does civic participation, Spirituality/Religion, Social cohesion, and Incarceration differ among demographics such as race, gender, geography, and age in India?

Answer 1

Civic participation refers to participating in your community to develop it with the help of your knowledge, skills and values, to make a difference in your society. The goal of civic participation is to raise the standard and quality of life in your community, through commitment and motivation. Young people are considered very important in civic participation, because they bring new and innovative ideas!

Civic participation is important because it teaches us how to live and work together, appreciating different opinions, values and beliefs in a tolerant manner. Through civic participation you become aware of difficulties, social problems and moral questions in your society, and are aware that there are possibilities to change and build a community. Only through active engagement do people get involved in their communities to make change for a better future.

Examples of civic participation include: voting, becoming educated about your country, being informed about local and national news, joining or supporting a political party, volunteering, taking part in a public demonstration, movement building and more.

Social cohesion is defined as the willingness of members of a society to cooperate with each other in order to survive and prosper. ... Social cohesion contributes to a wide variety of social outcomes such as health and economic prosperity.

Despite the rapid economic development still nearly 20-25 percent of the Indian population are living below the poverty line. Improving their lives remains one of the biggest challenges.

India is an enormously diverse society. As , one should see India as the world’s largest experimental laboratory where this diversity is trying in different ways to experiment with ways of living together.India remains a “collection of minorities” where even dominant castes and languages did not enjoy the majority status. Overall, the issue of social cohesion is extremely complex in in the Indian context given the caste and religion dimensions. While the concept of equality is theoretically accepted in India, caste remains a reality in actual life and constitute a complex challenge

INCARCERATION the state of being confined in prison; imprisonment

n India, overcrowding has aggravated the problem of hygiene. In many jails, conditions are appalling. At the tehsil level jails, even rudimentary conveniences are not provided. Prisoners in India are not even tested for specific infectious diseases, although all prisoners undergo a medical examination when they begin serving their sentence. No studies of the prevalence of viral infections among prison inmates have been done at a national level. India's prison manuals provide for

segregation of prisoners suspected of having contagious diseases. A few jails have established informal contacts with medical and social organizations for counseling of inmates to prevent the spread of infections.

Violence in prison settings has many causes. Clashes may have ethnic causes, or rivalries between clans or gangs. The closed, often vastly overcrowded, living conditions also lead to hostilities between inmates. The tedious prison environment, lack of occupation of mind and body and just plain boredom, lead to accumulated frustration and tension. This environment leads the way to high-risk activities, such as use of drugs and sex between men. Some indulge in these activities to combat boredom. Others, however, are forced to engage in them, in a coercive play for power or monetary gain. Risky lifestyles can lead to the transmission of diseases from one prisoner to other prisoners, and pose a serious public health risk if unchecked. Contracting any disease in prison is not part of a prisoners sentence. This fact becomes even more significant when the disease is potentially fatal, as is the case with HIV/AIDS.