Question

Compleat molecular and structural formulas for D- fructose glucose (Colli's-Tollens' and Haworth (a and B pyranose; a and B furanose). Name all the formulas and indicate the hemiacetal hydroxyl. Write the equations of glucose interaction with: 1. Cu(OH)2; 2.HNO3; 3.CH31; 4.02. Write down what can be observed if you add sodium hydroxide solution to lactose first and then copper(II) sulfate solution (a) without heating; (b) without heating. Compleat molecular and structural formulas for a,D- fructose. Why is fructose a no reducing sugar? Which hydroxyl is called hemiacetal? How will it form? Write a glucose fermentation equation with lactic acid formation. Vhat are the characteristics and groups of carbohydrates classified into? Give examples of the ames of monosaccharide, aldopentosis, ketohexosis.

Answer 1

Glucose i Molecular formula; CH 12 . Poly hyebony aldehyd Hemiacetal -OH group is 5 Co H-ċ-04 - H-c-04 Hemiactal H-C-0H o Hamroth 4toy - 04 o Harroth Choy HOCH H-C-04 4-c-OH CH, OH [open-chain Structure -Glucose] H-C-OH H- | MY OH OH 012 CH, OH H OH (Fisher X-D Glucose 연에 projection] Fructose - Molecular formula; CH2O Poly hydroxy ketone. Hemacetal = cc Hoou Kony 04 H OH B-D Glucose (Pyranose) 94,014 Haworth projechon3. Hemiacetal Hanorth C4 04- 04 но- но 4-c-oh Hon 이 애 H- HO-C-H 4-c-oh H-C-OH 대애 (open-chain structure q D-Fructose) OH OH CH, OH (Fisher projection) X-D Furanose HOHC, KH 044 PH у спон & & ß - forms differs only on the position on ci-carbon atom | in respect of position of On grows. OH H B-D- Furanose (Haworth projection

Reactions f-glucose : 1 7 to CuHg H-Co4 HO-C-H H-c-oh H.COH chon D-Gluconic acid) So HNO3 COOH H-¢-04 3 H-c-on HO-CH H-coon H-c-om CHOH III U-UU-URU Til Go-Glucaric acid 4-c-on H-c-oh D-Glucaric acid) cool (D-Glucose) Open chain glucose does not show this reaction. 07 Vco +H₂O 40 CH₂ I Loch HY Koch 4 V base ce Oh (Penta ether loy 00 - 3 H OH H Cho o oth product) Reaction of Lactose with cuso: This is example of oxidation of Lactose by alkaline copper sulphate (Fehling's reagent) Lactose Alkali, Enedial Cut Respective acid Heat cuo Red ppt