Question

Hello! I have been asked to fill out the following chart based on pain management types, pathways, and stimuli based on the following. I would like help filling out the following chart:

Type of pain Subtype of: Location of pociceptor/ cause Potential stimuli Localization Quality Signs/Symptoms Examples Treatment Somatic: superficial Sensitivity, tenderness NSAIDs, Opioids, Local anesthesia Somatic: deep Tenderness, spasms NSAIDs, Opioids, regional anesthesia Visceral Nausea, vomiting, sweating, tenderness, spasm NSAIDs, Opioids, regional anesthesia Neuropathy Sensitivity of skin Opioids, adjuvants Deafferentiation Dysthesia (abnormal sensation Opioids, adjuvants Sympathetic/Phantom Allodynia (painful response to normal stimuli) Opioids, adjuvants Central Sensory loss Opioids, adjuvants

Answer 1

Type of pain	Subtype	Location of cause	Potential stimuli	Localization	Quality	Signs &symptoms	Examples	Treatment
Somatic: superficial	Nociceptive	Skin, mucous membrane	Force, temperature, vibration	Localized	Sharp, gnawing	Sensitivity, tenderness	Cuts on skin, dental procedures, superficial burns	NSAID, Opioids, local anaesthesia
Somatic: deep	Nociceptive	Bones, joints, muscles, tendons	Injury, inflammation, tear	Can be localized or spread over large area	Aching, cramping	Tenderness, spasms	Fracture, strained muscle, arthritis	NSAID, Opioids, regional anaesthesia
Visceral	Nociceptive	Internal organs or tissues	Damage/ injury to internal organs or tissues	Vague, not localized or clearly defined	Aching, squeezing, pressure	Nausea, vomiting, sweating, tenderness, spasms	Acid ingestion, menstrual cramps, stomach cancer	NSAID, Opioids, regional anaesthesia
Neuropathy	Neuropathic	nerves (pressure, damage or injury)	Damage to nerves From surgery, trauma, cancer, infections, vascular malformations, alcoholism, neurological & metabolic conditions	Chronic, widespread and diffuse	Shooting, burning, tingling, numbness	Sensitivity of skin	Diabetic neuropathy, cancers, AIDS	Opioid adjuvants
Deafferentation	Neuropathic	Central or peripheral nervous system	Injury to nervous system	Distal to the injury	Abnormal sensation and varying degrees of sensory loss	Dysthesia (abnormal sensation)	Spinal cord injury, peripheral nerve injury, brachial plexus avulsion, trigeminal neuralgia	Opioid adjuvants
Sympathetic/ phantom	Neuropathic	Portions of brain and spinal cord that had been neurologically connected to the nerves of the amputated limb	damaged nerve endings, scar tissue at the site of the amputation and the physical memory of pre-amputation pain in the affected area.	Pain in body part that no longer exist	Vary from mild dull pain to sudden sharp excruciating pain	Allodynia (painful response to normal stimuli)	Amputation of limb	Opioid adjuvants
Central	Neuropathic	brain, brainstem, and spinal cord	Damage or dysfunction of central nervous system from illness or injury	may affect a large portion of the body or may be more localized to specific areas	Constant, chronic pain increases in severity by movement, touch, stress, and temperature changes	Sensory loss	stroke, multiple sclerosis, tumours, epilepsy, brain or spinal cord trauma, or Parkinson's disease	Opioid adjuvants