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The following are correct statements describing the criticisms levied against the classical theories, except They do not explain the reasons for the differences in productivity [3] They failed to consider the effect of a trade surplus on the economy [4] They assumed the benefits of trade occurred mostly between dissimilar countries

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Answer #1

Answer is option a)

Not explaining the difference in the prodictiprod is not a criticism.

AdamSmith and David Ricardo gave the classical theories of international trade, & according to it, in case of a foreign trade, nation benefits from specialization and efficient resource allocation.

So option d is valid criticism.

Bcoz trade can occur between the similar nations also, in form of Intra Industry trade.

Option b is also a criticism

Bcoz complete Specialization is not possible in practical, bcoz transportation & other costs exist , that can nullify the effect of complete Specialization.

Also when a large country enters into trade with small country, complete Specialization not possible.

Another reason is that, commodities having incomparable value.

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