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8. Taxpayer 1 has $100,000 of taxable income from wages and pays an ordinary tax rate of 35%. Taxpayer 2 has $100,000 of taxa

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Horizontal equity: because according to horizontal equity, taxpayers with same amount of income and assets should pay the same amount of tax and here both taxpayers having same taxable income pays different tax amount due to difference in tax rates.

Vertical equity: according vertical equity, amount of tax increases with increase in income. In the given, tax payer 1 has the same amount of income as the taxpayer 2 has, but still taxpayer 1 has to pay higher tax rate compared to taxpayer 2.

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