Question

Hi

Please answer these 3 questions with minimum 300 words and please type ur answers

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Answer 1

A black market is economic activity that takes place outside government-sanctioned channels. Black market transactions usually occur “under the table” to let participants avoid government price controls or taxes.

Transplant commercialism involves the buying, selling, or otherwise commodifying of human organs. It is recognised as a serious crime in the vast majority of countries, with the notable exception of Iran.

In practice, the term covers a broad spectrum of behaviours. The most troubling cases involve people being trafficked so their organs can be removed. Victims may be held against their will, forced to undergo medical tests and ultimately operated on without their consent. Thankfully there have not yet been substantiated cases of this occurring in the UK, but we know it happens elsewhere.

More common is transplant tourism, which sees patients travel abroad for transplants they might struggle to otherwise obtain quickly. Though illegal payments are not always involved – some might have an overseas relative willing to donate – these foreign trips should set off alarm bells.

2- The most essential position in the international black-market are the organ brokers, as

they are the middlemen in the organ trade that coordinate all illegal activity. One portion of their

job is to advertise their services in developed countries to find wealthy buyers in order to

continue the trade and make a profit. However, in order to find someone willing to sell an organ,

they enter deeply impoverished areas where a few thousand dollars will fulfill the needs of their

lifestyle. The promise of the compensation attracts donors as they view the money as a way out

of debt or food for their malnourished families. Unfortunately, the middlemen usually lie about

the consequences of the operation, avoiding the truth about the recovery process and possible

complications that may arise (Dalhoff). Donating a kidney as a live donor through the illegal

trade can entail a lifetime of pain due to nerve damage, start of kidney failure, hepatitis B and Cblood clots, pneumonia, and death, making the donation extremely risky(Cuda-Kroen)(Norton).

These possible outcomes would deter numerous donors, hence why middlemen refuse to inform

prospective donors about the medical complications that would only worsen their impoverished

life. As the coordinators of the operation, these men must prepare for all possible roadblocks that

may occur along the way, especially with interviews when crossing borders and finding a doctor.

Professor Muhlbacher from Austria was involved in a black-market organ transplant

unknowingly, as the middleman coached his patient and recipient prior to the operation. The duo

passed psychological interviews, which typically detects any signs of acting and lying

(Dahlhoff). Therefore, middlemen have perfected their schemes and beat the country’s systems.

Although some doctors enter the trade unknowingly, most medical physicians enter the operation

with full awareness to the situation. When the doctor knowingly agrees to be involved, all the

focus is on the buyers, leaving the donor to be pushed aside following the extraction of the organ

(Bowden 475). Donors are ultimately denied necessary medical attention, prolonging their

recovery and hindering their health. Overall, middlemen control the organ trade as they use their

business skills to help the sick illegally by exploiting the poor.

3- yes, irgan trad8ng shouod be legalizze.Leading surgeons are calling for the Government to consider the merits of a legalised market in organs for transplant. A public discussion on allowing people to sell their organs would, the doctors say, allow a better-informed decision on a matter of such moral and medical significance.

At stake are the lives of thousands of people who may die before a suitable donor can be found. Eight thousand people are on the transplant waiting list, more than 500 of whom die each year before they obtain an organ, and the numbers are rising by 8 percent a year.But there are serious concerns that introducing payments for people who donate their organs would result in poor and vulnerable people coming under severe pressure to alleviate their financial problems by selling a part of their body.Professor Nadey Hakim, a Harley Street surgeon, and one of the world's leading transplant surgeons, believes that a properly regulated market should be permitted so that the black market in organs is, if not destroyed, at least dramatically reduced.

He sees the effects of the black market in patients so desperate to have a transplant operation that they travel abroad for an organThis "transplant tourism", he said, often results in botched operations requiring further surgery when the patient returns to Britain. It would make better sense for organ sales to be allowed in the UK under a strictly regulated regime, he said, adding: "Let's have a system that doesn't allow organs with HIV or whatever..

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