Question

15 and 16 and please explain why pleaseee

15) The graphs below show the evolution of the prevalence of the smokers by gender and age groups between 2002 and 2012. What may you infer from these graphs? 50 Male Female in odbo 40 High school seniors 18-44 years High school seniors Percent 45-64 years 18-44 years 45-64 years Santos 65 years and over 65 years and over 2002 2012 2002 2012 a) Incidence of smoking has decreased in teens and pre-teens between 2002 and 2012 b) The smoking quitting rate has increased among 18-44 years old smokers between 2002 and 2012 c) Efforts made between 2002 and 2012 and directed in primary and secondary prevention levels are paying off. d) a and b only e) a, b and c 16) Which type of cell adaptations is illustrated by the reversible change of the ciliated columnar epithelium to squamous stratified epithelium in the lining of the trachea in smokers? a) Dysplasia b) Atrophy c) Hypertrophy d) Metaplasia e) Hyperplasia

Answer 1

15.

The graph of the prevalence of smokers by gender and age groups between 2002 & 2012 shows

a. The incidence of smoking has decreased in teens & preteens between 2002 & 2012(as we can see the line reprinting the high school seniors is going down).

b.The smoking quitting rate has increased among 18-44 years old smokers between 2002 and 2012(That's why the prevalence of smoking is decreased in the age group 18 to 44).

c. Efforts made between 2002 & 2012 are directed in primary & secondary prevention levels are paying off(As we can see in the graph the prevalence of smoking in almost all age and sex is decreased in 2012 than 2002).

ANSWER- e) a, b, and c.

16.

squamous metaplasia is the type of cell adoption that is illustrated by the reversible change of ciliated columnar epithelium to the squamous stratified epithelium in the lining of the trachea in smokers.

It is a normal protective mechanism of the body that is stimulated by smoking.

Answer - d) Metaplasia