Question

Discuss the relationship of zoonoses to cases of viral hemorrhagic fevers in 300-400 words

Answer 1

Viral haemorrhagic fevers are the group of fevers caused by the viruses such as Lassa virus, Ebola virus, Marburg and Yellow fever viruses.They belongs to RNA group of families.Ebola haemorrhagic fever is due to the spreading of infection from animal to human. This further spreads to throw humans through direct contact of body fluids and secretions.Incubation period of Ebola virus is 3 to 21 days.Patient will have symptoms such as Fever, Headaches, rashes, nausea, vomiting , diarrhoea, rashes over the body, red or itchy eyes and also the symptoms of bleeding.Symptomatic treatment alone gives relief to the patient.Marburg virus is found be living in the African bats.So African green monkeys got exposed to the disease initially. Also the humans who depended on the food infected by African bats and monkey are exposed to the virus.This infection is transmitted through body fluids.Incubation period is from 5 to 15 days.Signs and Symptoms include fever, headache, myalgia along with maculopapular rashes over the trunk and chest.Jaundice, weight loss, inflammation of pancreas multi organ failure are some of the symptoms.This can be diagnosed with ELISA and PCR blood tests.Fluid and electrolyte replacements, oxygen therapy are the treatment modalities used for Marburg fever.Lassa fever is an animal born viral illness caused by mammalian rats found in Africa, Nigeria, Liberia etc.This is transmitted through the contact with infected rats.Incubation period is 1 to 3 weeks.Fever, headache, malaise, respiratory distress, swollen painful chest and back are the few signs and symptoms.Hearing loss and encephalitis can also be seen.Pregnant mothers who get exposed to lassa fever results in the death of the fetus.Patients can be treated with IV fluids, Anti viral drugs.Yellow fever is the viral fever spreaded by mosquitoes.Human when get in contact with infected mosquito bite results in suffering from Yellow fever.Incubation period is 3 to 6 days.Fever, headache, vomitings, flushing ,bleeding disorders,delirium and coma.IV Fluids, Blood products for bleeding, and dialysis for kidney failure is the treatment.All these are fatal illnesses thus transmitted through animals.