Question

Describe the "levels of evidence" and provide an example of the type of practice change that could result from each.

Answer 1

(Ans) Levels of suidenice: Levels of evidence are asigned to Studies based on the methodological Quality of Their design validity de ambiability to patient Care There decision gres the Il grade of recommender There also called "haarchy of evidence." Masarly 5 Levels of Evidence & For clinical Applications Level 1, 1, Randanized controlled tudil [RCT] * A Study in which patientes are randomly aulined to the treatment or control group & are followed prospectively 2. meta analysis of randomised traply with homogenous Resultex. Wevel 25 pearly designed Ret * follow up Leu than 80% 2. prospective cohort study :- * a study in which patient groups are Separated hon – sand only by Exposure or beatment, with exposure caring after the ani firation of the Study. * naturx 3. Meta Analurix of heal 2 Studies of haul 2 studies.

Level 3 :- 1. Retrospective cohort study a study in which patient groups are separated non-randomly by Exposure ar treatment, with Exposure ocusing before the pilli fiafion of studes 2. care control study a a study in which patient groups are Separated by the current preunce our absence of dren E sxamined for the prior exposure of entert 3. meta analysis haul Level 4% care seules a Report of multiple patients with the same treatment , but no control group of Comparison group. Mithubnu ponubije Ledown Level 58 1. Care Reports troben abro 2. Expert opinion 3. personal observation

Level of sendence for clinical Applications Formal open sequio clinical Rossi (Lacul - 2 care controlled trables [Companions made but not sandamised Leuil-3- Obscual final, studily f. including Suencys & Auctionelles ano wir Popolmo puro lado) Level 4 - anecdotal evidence (including ende pendent was comments & Reuery Eps Level 5 - Methodological veesfication Validation studies