Question

e) Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis in a Jersey steer Aetiology (1 mark) Typical gross pathological changes seen in the trachea (3 marks) Typical microscopic changes seen in the trachea (3 marks) f) Infectious laryngotracheitis in Leghorn chicken Aetiology (1 mark) Typical gross pathological changes seen in the upper respiratory tract particularly the larynx and proximal portions of the trachea (3 marks). Typical microscopic changes seen in the upper respiratory tract particularly the larynx and proximal portions of the trachea (3 marks)

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Answer 1

e, Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis in a jersey steer
Ethiology:
this is an infectious respiratory disease caused by bovine herpesvirus, it afect older and young cattle
Pathological changes:
There will be mononuclear eosinophilic granulocytes in bronchi, turbinates and lungs. there wlill be bacterial colonies and necrosis presnet in the epithelium of trachea.
Microscpic changes:
Necrosis and exfoliation of ciliated cells and thick layers of fibrin necrotic material present in the trachea.
f, Infectious laryngotracheitis in leghorn chicken
Etiology
this disease caused by the galled herpes virus and it is a respiratory disease
Pathological changes
this virus infects conjunctiva and nasal tracheal epithelium, it causes cough and dyspnea. this virus is an alpha herpes virus express gG it is a viral chemokine-binding protein it interferes the immune response of the host, it affects the upper respiratory tract of the chickens. gG has a direct impact of cytokines and chemokine ligand.
Microscopic changes:
Virus replication in the epithelium cells of the lungs and air sacs. the mono virus has seen in the tissue and mucosal thickening with serous collection in the upper respiratory tract and in the trachea.
g, Shipping fever in the longhorn cow
Etiology
shipping disease is a bovine respiratory disease, it is a respiratory disease for calves, it occurs most often within 14 days after calves was weaned. stress exposure provides negative impact on the immune system cause shipping fever when it exposed to an infectious agent.
pathological changes:
Exposure to virus damage to the airways and cause bacterial infection in the lungs. bovine viral diarrhea with hemolytic and Pasteurella nultocida causes this disease. Haemophilus somnus damage the heart muscle and mycoplasma bovis organism cause pneumonia.
Microscopic changes
microscopic lesions in the lungs with necrosis, typical exudative lesions in the lung lobes cause moderate to severe bronchitis.hyperchromatic and fluid epithelium cells are present that cause inflammation.
h, etiology:
this disease caused by mycoplasma genu
Pathological changes:
It is important goat disease these mycoplasmal infections cause fever, high mortality, and morbidity.
Microscopic lesions with slogging of the epithelial lining, hypertrophy of mediastinal lymph nodes and leukocytic infiltration and hemorrhage notes.