Because of fixed R&D costs, are needed to generate variable costs: total factor productivity costs; capital...

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Because of fixed R&D costs, are needed to generate variable costs: total factor productivity costs; capital profits; capital

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Answer 1

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Option 1.

Total factor productivity is the measure of productivity which is the ratio of output to weighted average of inputs. As R and D, is a fixed cost, to calculate total factor productivity, variable costs are needed.

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