The balance between the potential for benefit of a treatment or procedure and the potential for harmful effects is known as:
a) Generalizability
b) Equipoise
c) Validity
d) Confounding
Answer: Confounding
( The confounding shows the true balance between the effects and outcome of the treatment. The results can not be neglected by the researchers.)
The generalizability shows the direct conclusion of the study. The equipoise includes the equality between the treatment)
The balance between the potential for benefit of a treatment or procedure and the potential for...
In a between-subjects design, holding a potential confounding variable constant helps to reduce the variance within treatment groups, however it also reduces the study's a. accuracy b. internal validity c. external validity. d. variance.
A set of subjects might receive an unintended treatment in addition to the intended treatment, thereby decreasing the generalizability of the results to another setting where the unintended treatment may not be available. What's the threat to external validity here? a. Multiple treatment interference b. Reactive arrangements c. Experimenter effects d. Pretest sensitization
One benefit of the alternating treatment design is that a. there are rarely carryover effects b. no baseline data are necessary c. there is higher external validity than other designs d. the need for researcher intervention is diminished
1. A process whereby the investigator assigns subjects to either the treatment or comparison group is known as…. a) Non-compliance b) Equipoise c) Randomization d) Blinding 2. An analysis that includes all subjects who were randomized to the treatment and comparison groups, regardless of whether the received or completed their assigned study protocol. a) Run-in period b) Efficacy analysis c) Comparability d) Intend-to-treat analysis 3. A study that commonly includes subjects without regard to exposure or disease status and that...
Order effects can become a confounding variable because... a, they cannot be separated from the instrumentation that may be confounding the study. b. they create individual differences between treatment conditions. c. they affect all treatment conditions equally, d. treatment conditions at the end of the series are affected differently than conditions at the beginning.
1. The pretest-posttest nonequivalent control group design is also very commonly used in psychology. Which of the following is NOT a benefit of using this design when random assignment is not possible: It reduces the threat of assignment bias It limits threats from time-related factors It provides some evidence of a potential cause-effect relationship It rules out differential history effects 2. Particularly when they do not include a control group, pre-post designs are most vulnerable to ____________-related threats to internal...
The study participants do not know if they are in the treatment or comparison group, but the investigators do know the group assignments. Which of the following terms associated with experimental studies is defined by this statement? a) Single-masked study b) Equipoise c) Reference population d) Placebo
Problem 21.13 In a tDCS treatment procedure, 0.65 mA of current flows through a patient's brain when there is a 5.8-V potential difference between the electrodes. ▼ Part A What is the equivalent resistance between the electrodes? Express your answer to two significant figures and include appropriate units alue Units Submit Request Answer Provide Feedback
0201 7) A nutritionist wants to conduct a study to validate the efficacy of an herb as an aid in weight loss She randomly assigns half of a group of overweight persons to a treatment group who are giver the herb with instructions as to use and a planned diet for six weeks. The other half of the group i given the same diet without the herb. Participants are aware as to which group they belong. A nurse at the...
Which of the following could compromise the overall benefit of treatment. A-administering the full dose off the agent. B-Delivering shorter courses of the medication. C-Adhering to scheduled appoinment D-Completing the recommended therapy