Question

1.

The pretest-posttest nonequivalent control group design is also very commonly used in psychology. Which of the following is NOT a benefit of using this design when random assignment is not possible:

		It reduces the threat of assignment bias
		It limits threats from time-related factors
		It provides some evidence of a potential cause-effect relationship
		It rules out differential history effects

2.

Particularly when they do not include a control group, pre-post designs are most vulnerable to ____________-related threats to internal validity.

		participant
		manipulation
		time
		posttest

3.

The primary advantage of using a cross-sectional developmental design is that:

		The researcher does not need to wait a long period of time to collect the data.
		The researcher does not have to make a specific hypothesis about the relationship between the variables and time/age.
		The data can be collected from more participants.
		The data are not influenced by cohort effects.

4.

A longitudinal study assigns 100 participants to a new depression therapy and 100 participants to treatment as usual. By 6 months after treatment, the new depression therapy group has 50 participants and the treatment as usual group has 80 participants. The researchers run their analyses and find that, when comparing differences in the groups over time, the new depression therapy treatment works better. Which of the following is the biggest threat to the internal validity of this longitudinal study?

		Statistical regression to the mean
		Cohort effects
		Attrition
		Testing effects

Answer 1

Answer:

Part 1.

Here by observing we can say that the right answer is Option A.

i.e.,

It does not reduce the threat of assignment bias.

Part 2:

Here the correct answer is Option B.

They are most vulnerable to time related threats.

Part 3:

Here the right answer is Option A.

i.e.,

The researcher does not need to wait a long period of time to collect the data.

Part 4:

Here we can say that the right answer is Option B.

Cohort effects.