Question

16) Which group would be considered a vulnerable population, according to traditional guidelines?

a) College students

b) Patients in a dialysis clinic

c) Patients in a prison hospital

d) Patients in an outpatient rehabilitation facility

17) Which constitutes an ethical transgression?

a) Failing to obtain a Certificate of Confidentiality

b) Not collecting data anonymously

c) Breaching confidentiality  

d) Not performing a risk/benefit assessment

18) In the following clinical question, which PICO component is the health promotion program? “Does a nurse-led health promotion program improve the eating habits of community-dwelling elders?”

a) The population (P)

b) The outcome (O)

c) The intervention or influence (I)

d) The comparison (C)

19) An RCT could use all of the following designs, except a:

a) randomized pretest–posttest design.

b) crossover design.

c) randomized posttest-only design.

d) nonequivalent control group design.

20) A meta-analyst addressed the question of whether mindfulness-based interventions were effective in reducing anxiety in patients with cancer and found high levels of statistical heterogeneity (i.e., significant variation of effects across studies). What should the meta-analyst do?

a) Use a random effects analytic model

b) Use a fixed effects analytic model

c) Abandon efforts to undertake a meta-analysis

d) Ignore the heterogeneity

21) The best-known early research utilization (RU) project sought to bridge the gap between research and nursing practice. Which is the name of that well-known project?

a) Stetler Model of Research Utilization

b) Conduct and Utilization of Research in Nursing (CURN) Project

c) Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services (PARiHS)

d) Cochrane Collaboration

22) Which is a potential limitation of qualitative research

a) The quality of qualitative research is undermined because of difficulties in measuring phenomena

b) Qualitative researchers ask questions that tend to have limited significance in nursing.

c) Qualitative research is overly reductionist and tends to remove concepts from real-world contexts.

d) Qualitative research typically involves a small number of people, so the generalizability of findings can be problematic.

23) Homogeneity is a principle that can be used to control extraneous variation from participant characteristics. What does homogeneity entail?

a) Randomly assigning participants to homogeneous groups

b) Not allowing important confounders to vary in the research sample

c) Making the treatment conditions as homogeneous as possible

d) Creating homogeneous groups of participants through matching

24) The power of theories lies in their ability to:

a) prove that relationships exist among the phenomena studied.

b) articulate the nature of relationships among phenomena.

c) provide guidance on how to test hypotheses statistically.

d) minimize the number of words required to explain phenomena and, thereby, eliminate semantic problems.

25)Knowledge translation is a term most often associated with:

a) the use of evidence by individual clinicians in their practice.

b) system-wide efforts to apply new evidence in practice settings.

c) international efforts to translate evidence into other languages.

d) the adaptation of innovations for diverse cultural groups.

26) A nurse researcher has developed and tested a method to evaluate pain in nonverbal palliative care patients. In terms of purposes linked to EBP, this study had which purpose?

a) Treatment/therapy

b) Diagnosis/assessment

c) Etiology/cause/harm

d) Prognosis

27) After a product for an institutional EBP project has been developed (e.g., a formal guideline or protocol for an innovation), what is typically the next step?

a) Appraising the evidence

b) Undertaking a pilot test

c) Evaluating implementation potential

d) Making a decision about whether to adopt the product

28) As a strategy for refining a research question for a systematic review, researchers may undertake:

a) a mixed study review.

b) a power analysis.

c) a scoping review.

d) an effect size analysis.

29) A nurse researcher tested whether sucrose (vs. sterile water) had a beneficial effect on infant pain during immunizations. Neither those administering the intervention nor the parents of the infants knew which infants received the sucrose. This strategy is an example of:

a) attrition.

b) crossing over.

c) blinding.

d) randomization.

30) Compared to true experiments, quasi-experiments are more susceptible to:

a) rival hypotheses about causality.

b) ethical transgressions.

c) recruitment difficulties

d) feasibility problems.

31) The Iowa Model identifies problem-focused triggers for implementing an EBP project. Which is a problem-focused trigger in the Iowa Model?

a) A journal club discussion of a paper on patient falls

b) An observed increase in patient falls among patients on a neurologic unit

c) A paper published about a patient fall intervention in a nursing journal

d) A new clinical guideline on strategies to reduce patient falls

Answer 1

16. The patients in the prison hospital are the vulnerable population as they are confines involuntarily to the prison. They Amy have higher rates of mental and physical health problems compared with others and being in prison increases the suicide rates too, patients may have chronic conditions too.

17. Breaching confidentiality would be a ethical transgression as this Is were the people act against command and law.