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SECTION 1 (COMPULSORY) FOR EACH OF THE FOLLOWING 50 OBJECTIVE-ITEMS, CHOOSE THE MOST APPROPRATEANSWER AND MARK YOUR ANSWER AGAINST 1-50 ON THE MARK- READING SHEET 1 Which of the following are characteristics of quanttative research? a investigating the relationships between vanables b using rating scales to quantify responses mposing control to limit extraneous variables researchers being personally involved with the partıcipants e organising raw data into meaningful conceptual patterns 1 a bcde 2 ab c 3 bcd 4 a de 5 a bce 2 Quantitative studies usually focus on concepts that a are fairly well-developed b have an existing body of evidence c deepen understanding and are context-bound d can be measured and are thus quantifiable 1 a c 2 bcd 3 a b d 4 abcd 3 Which of the following are charactenistics of qualitative research? a exercising control over the research setting b conducting open-ended inquiry c obtaining holistic understanding of human phenomena d generating generalisibile findings e conducting interpretative data analysis 1 bcd e 2 abce 3 bce 4 a cd 5 a d

4 In qualitative research a sampling is done untıl data saturation occurs b the sample size is pre-determined random sampling is done d the findings are generalised e small samples are used 3 4 5 a e a c b e cde a b d 5 The case study is used in qualitative research because it facilitates the coding of data 2provides a comprehensive description 3 enables generalisation of the research results 4 entails once-off data collection 6 Which of the following best captures a definition of mixed methods research, as espoused by Tashakkori and Cresswell (2007) cited in Polit and Beck (2012)? a Research in which the researcher collects and analyses data using both b Whilst using both quantitative and qualitative approaches or methods in a single c Research in which the researcher draws inferences using both quantitative and quantitative and qualitatve approaches or methods in a single study or programme of inquiry study or programme of inqury, the researcher integrates the findings, without necessanıly drawing inferences qualitative approaches or methods in a single study or programme of inqury 1 ab a e a b c 4 b c

May/June 2016 18 A question during an in-depth interview Why do you feel that way? is an example of a 1 contingency question 2 probing question 3 filter question 4 5 leading question close-ended question 19 Minimising the risk of harm in research is an important ethical principle that includes preventing a physical harm of participants b psychological distress c SOCial disadvantage d effect on financial status e discomfort in terms of time spent on research 1 abcde 2 d e 3 a cd 4 b c 5 a b e 20 Which one of the following techniques yields a simple random sample? 1 2 choosing volunteers from an anatomy class to participate in a study numbering all the elements of a sampling frame and then using a random number table to pick from the table 3 listing the individuals by ethnic group and choosıng a proportion from within 4 randomly selecting hospitals and then sampling everyone within the surgical 5 identifying experts on the phenomenon under investigation each ethnic group at random wards 21 A researcher uses systematic sampling The sample size is 200 The sampling interval is 150 The first element drawn is 137 The second and the third elements would therefore be 1 350 and 500 2 300 and 450 3 287 and 437 4 337 and 537 5 200 and 350

WNURSTE MaylJune 2016 Which of the following are sources of research problems a hypotheses d theory 10 b literature c clinical practice e research priorities 1 de a b c 3 a cd 4 bcde 5 abcde Which one of the following is regarded as an essential first step to interpreting and understandıng the research problem within the body of knowledge? 11 1 formulation of research objectives 2 literature review 3 writing an abstract for the proposal 4 interviewing experts in the field Which of the following type of sources are useful as early reading to get a grasp of a topic and to demonstrate to the reader that one is familiar with the parameters of the topic? 12 primary sources 2 narratives 3 secondary sources experimental data Which paradigm is used in mixed methods research where researchers collect data by what works to address a research question? 13 1 constructivism paradigm 2 participatory paradigm 3 pragmatism paradigm 4 postpositivism paradigmMay/June 2016 18 A question during an in-depth interview Why do you feel that way? is an example of a 1 contingency question 2 probing question 3 filter question 4 5 leading question close-ended question 19 Minimising the risk of harm in research is an important ethical principle that includes preventing a physical harm of participants b psychological distress c SOCial disadvantage d effect on financial status e discomfort in terms of time spent on research 1 abcde 2 d e 3 a cd 4 b c 5 a b e 20 Which one of the following techniques yields a simple random sample? 1 2 choosing volunteers from an anatomy class to participate in a study numbering all the elements of a sampling frame and then using a random number table to pick from the table 3 listing the individuals by ethnic group and choosıng a proportion from within 4 randomly selecting hospitals and then sampling everyone within the surgical 5 identifying experts on the phenomenon under investigation each ethnic group at random wards 21 A researcher uses systematic sampling The sample size is 200 The sampling interval is 150 The first element drawn is 137 The second and the third elements would therefore be 1 350 and 500 2 300 and 450 3 287 and 437 4 337 and 537 5 200 and 350



MaylJune 2016 Which of the followeng charactense the positivist research tradition? b partiopatve realty e objective reality 1 acde 2 abcd 3 b ce a cd b e 8 The interpretative-phenomenological epistemology acknowledges that detached researchers observe objective reality individual differences in the interpretation of reality exist researchers and partcipants construct meaning collaboratively statistical venfication of findings serve to prove their authentcity humans reveal their lfe worlds through stones d 2 acd 2 de -3 be a c b ce -5 9 Fallacies in scientfic reasoning are a making generalisations beyond evidence presented b making claims on the basis of large numbers c practısing inductive reasoning d attacking others to direct attention away from an argument e introducing a side issue that is irrelevant to the point made 1 ace 2 abd e 3 abcde 4 bcd 5 bd [TURN O

MaylJune 2016 22 In sampling a chance factor error occurs when 1 one element and not another has been included in a sample 2 the sample sıze cannot be calculated statıstically 3 an incorrect technique anses due to sampling error 4 all of the above are true 23 You intend to conduct qualitative research to determine the reasons why HIV-positive patients are reluctant to return for follow-up visits to the local health clinic The most appropriate data collection technique for this study is 1 semantic differential scale 2 Likert scale 3 participant observation:s 4 in-depth interview 5 structured observations 24 Which of the folilowing aspects should be considered when using focus group interviews? a b c d e Experts should participate One focus group session is adequate Everyone in the group must get an opportunity to speak Large groups require less moderator involvement Group members have an opportunity to create meaning among themselves 1 b e 2 acd се 4 a b c 5 bc de 25 Qualitative data analysis involves a coding and categorising of narrative data b submitting data to statıstical analysis c identifying emerging themes d dentfying emerging relationships e testing a null hypothesis 1 a c 2 a c d 3 b cd 4 bde 5 b e [TURN OVER

26 The coding of qualitative data a entails grouping similar aspects of the data together b entails the construction of categories c entails library cataloging of the literature d is the first step in the qualitative research process e enables the researcher to quantify responses 1 abcde 2 a d e 3 bcd 4 a b 5 c e 27 The following item was included in a data collection instrument How old are you? years Which of the following statements about the above item are true? a The level of measurement is ratio b The level of measurement is nominal c The level of measurement is ordinal d It is an open-ended item e It is a closed-ended item 1 be 2 ad 3 Ce 4 C 5a e 28 The purpose of including the literature review in the research report is to establish the status quo regarding understanding of the research problem This statement is 1 true, because the literature review defines the framework of the research 2 true, because the literature review provides a summary of the sources the 3 false, because the literature review has a limited role in determining the 4 false, because the research question is answered in the literature review researcher intends using credibility of the research

10 PPH4805 MNURS1E MaylJune 2016 You are requested to evaluate a research report Which one of the following statements best represents the difference between the interpretation and discussion 29 sections? 1 The interpretation section explains the research findings, while the discussion section justfies the research project in terms of the initial research problem 2 The discussion section summanses the research findings, while the interpretation section emphasises the importance of the research findings The interpretation section places the research findings within the framework of the Iterature review, while the discussion section provides a short summary of the research publications in databases 3 4 The interpretation section explains the meaning of the research findings, while the discussion section examines the research findings in terms of the supporting theory and inital research problem 30 The following are examples of field notes that may be kept by the qualtative researcher durnng fieldwork a theoretical notes b observational notes c personal notes d methodological notes 1 bcd 2 ac 3 C 4 abcd 5 a bd Which research design would be the most surtable for answering the following research question How do men bond with their newborn babres? 31 1 desciptive design 2 quas-expenimental des gn 3 correlational design 4 retrospective design 5 ethnographic design 32 Which research design would be most approprate in trying to determine if patents conditions improved after using a new drug for depression? 1 controlled trial without randomisation 2 single-subject expenment 3 randomised controlled tral 4 case-control

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Answer #1

1. The correct answer is option 5. Characteristic of quantitative research are :-

Investigating the relationship between variables

Using rating scale to quantify responses

Imposing control to limit extraneous variables

Organising raw data into meaningful conceptual patterns

2. The correct answer is option 3. Quantitative study usually focus on concepts that are:-

- fairly well developed

- have an existing body of evidence

- can be measured and thus are quantifiable .

3. The correct answer is option 1. The characteristic of qualitative research are :-

Conducting open ended inquiry

Obtaining holistic understanding of human phenomenon

Generating generalisible findings

Conducting interpretative data analysis

4. The correct option is A) . In qualitative research sampling is done until data saturation occurs and small samples are used .

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