Question

This is out of chapter 16 dudeks nutrition for nursing essentials learning objectives.

I am looking for questions 1, 2, 4, and 5

1   Explain how the hormonal response to severe acute stress affects metabolism.

2   Explain why enteral nutrition, when feasible, is a superior to parenteral nutrition in patients who are critically ill.

3   Calculate a patient’s calorie and protein requirements.

4   Discuss the cause and signs of refeeding syndrome.

5   Teach a client how to increase protein and calorie intake.

6   Devise a high-calorie, high-protein menu with small frequent meals.

Answer 1

1. Hormonal response to severe acute stress affecting metabolism.

Metabolic response to acute stress differs according to the seriousness of stress. On stress Hypothalamus, Pituitary, and Adrenal cortex will get operative and Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone (CRH) leads to anorexia, loss of weight and decreased eating by smashing down the nutrients which are preserved. Overweight does occur by the glucocorticoid and neuropeptide Y on overstress. Cortisol will also be released on stress which affects glucose metabolism. The body reacts to stress by releasing adrenal hormones like norepinephrine (anti-stress hormone), slowing the metabolism too. Body protein catabolism can also happen.