Question

This is out of chapter 16 dudek's nutrition for nursing essentials learning objectives. I am looking for questions 2, 4, 5, & 6

2 Explain why enteral nutrition, when feasible, is a superior to parenteral nutrition in patients who are critically ill.

4 Discuss the cause and signs of refeeding syndrome.

5 Teach a client how to increase protein and calorie intake.

6 Devise a high-calorie, high-protein menu with small frequent meals.

Answer 1

1) Enteral nutrition is superior to parenteral for many reasons. The theoretical advantages of enteral nutrition are this improves gut mucosal health by enhancing GI blood flow and gut permeability is increased in critical illness.

Adequate enteral nutrition will positively impact on the systemic immune response of human.

Efficient use of nutrition can be maintained in case of enteral when comparing with parenteral because the parenteral nutrition are made by limited knowledge on patients body requirements.

Enteral are more convenient and safer than parenteral nutrition.

2) The refeeding syndrome is caused when the food is introduced too quickly after the period of malnourishment. The main cause of this syndrome is metabolic and hormonal changes caused by rapid refeeding.

Refeeding syndrome can sometimes be fatal. Shift in electrolyte level can cause complications like seizures, cardiac failure or even coma.

3) There are so many healthy ways to increase calories and protein in your diet. Improvement in your diet can bring out a better change in your health.

Add some extra olive or canola oil while cooking meats and vegetables. Add olives to your pasta or salads. It is a good non cholesterol oil better for your health.

Add olive oil base vinaigrette dressing on salads vegetables and pasta.

Egg white omelette can with recommended which is made by using olive oils.

Whole meat cereal, nuts, raisins and other dry fruits serve as a great protein source.

Use non fat milk instead of water to make oatmeal.

4) A high protein and calorie menu is given below

Breakfast: 1 large scrambled egg, 2 tablespoons of peanut butter, 1 cup of grape juice or whole milk.

Lunch: A grilled chicken sandwich, 1 leaf lettuce, 1 slice of tomato, 1 tablespoon of mayonnaise.

Dinner: 1 cup spaghetti with half cup of tomato souce, 3 ounce cooked ground beef and 1 medium bread.

snacks: Dry fruits, 1 cup celery stalks and 2 tablespoons of raisins.