Question

Note: No handwriting, all typed. (section 3)

1. Describe the joint changes that are found in each anatomic stage of rheumatoid arthritis.
2. Explain why the following statement false. The pain of latent osteoarthritis is most commonly caused by swelling and stretching of soft tissue around the joint.
3. Explain why the following statement false. Avascular necrosis is a serious complication of displaced subtrochanteric fractures.
4. Explain why the following statement false.  Pressure causing circulatory, nerve, and skin impairment is most likely to occur with the use of skeletal traction.
5. For each of the below medications, describe how they are used to manage rheumatoid arthritis.
   1. Hydroxychloroquine (Plaquenil)
   2. Anakinra (Kineret)
   3. Parenteral gold

Answer 1

In stage 1, there is joint capsule inflammation and swelling of synovial tissue

in stage 2 , there is severe inflammation of synovial tissue and cartilage is damaged

in stage 3 , furthur unflammation occur resulting in bone damage as well

In stage 4, joint inflammation stops and joint also stops working.

A. as pain is caused by rubbing of bone surfaces with each other.

B. avascular necrosis is complication of extracapsular hip fracture

C. Pressure causing circulatory, nerve, and skin impairment is most likely to occur with the use of skin traction.

D. hydrochloroquine is used to manage pain and swelling of joints by teducing inflammation as it blocks receptors on plasmacytoid dendritic cells and also decreases TLR signaling.

E. It blocks biologic activity of interleukin 1 and hence helps in reducing inflammation

F. Parentral gold inhibits the antigenic agents , thus preventing the release of pro inflammatory cytokines