Question

1. What are the four learning theories discussed in the previous topics?

2. What are the principal constructs and contributions of each learning theories?

3. According to the concept of operant conditioning, what are the three techniques to increase the probability of a response, and what are two techniques to decrease or extinguish the probability of a response?

3 techniques to increase Stimuli

4. What are some ways the behaviorist theory (which focuses on the environment and responses to it) and the cognitive perspective (which emphasizes the individual’s internal processing) could be combined to facilitate knowledge acquisition or change a health behavior?

5. How do the major learning theories compare to one another with regard to their similarities and differences?

Answer 1

Answerrs

1. four learning theories are

1. Classical conditioning(Pavlovian conditioning)

2. Operant conditioning(Instrumental conditioning)

3. Cognitive theory

4.Banduras Social learning theory

2. CLASSICAL CONDITIONING

in pavlov dog experiment, he found out that for assosiation to be made ,the two stimuli had to be presented cose together in time.he called this the law of temporal contiguity.

If the time between conditioned stimulas(bell) and unconditioned stimulas (food )is too great, then learning will not occur

OPEREANT CONDITIONING

type of assosiate learning process , through which strength of behavior is modified by reinforcment or punishment.

stimuli present when the behavior is rewarded or punished come tpo control that behavior.  

eg; child learn to avoid touching hot objects

COGNITIVE LEARNING THEORY

Its about how human mind works while people learn, how information is processed by brain and how learning occurs through internal process of information

SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY

it includes four principlres  

a. Attention - cant learn if we are not focussed on task

b. Retention -learning occur by internalizing informations in our memories

c. Reproduction- we reproduce previously learned behavior,skills, knowledge,whenm required

d. motivation

3. threeTechniques to increase responce in operant conditioning are

a. positive reinforcment

b. negetive reinforcment

c. shaping

two techniques decreasing responce in operant conditioning are

a. punishment

b. extinction

4. Cognitive behavioral therapy is a short term goal oriented psychotherapy treatment that takes a hand on practical approach to problem solving.Some ways to influents behavioral change,

a. Liking - people tend to agree with people they like

b. Reciprocity - people like to give and take.

c. Authority - people like to follow legitimate experts

d. Commitment and consistency

e. Social proof

f. Scarcity

g. Using frame work for influence

Common behavioral therapy methods include Aversion, (which is paring a behaviour with a punishment until the behaviour stops,) and Desensitization , role playing.

5.  

classical conditioning was introduced by Ivan Pavlov in early 1900	Operant conditioning was found by skinner in 1938.
Based on involuentary reflexive behaviour	Involves voluentary behavioral outcomes
Studies individuels behaviour in relation to various imternal or external stimuli	Studies behavioural pattern that take place in response to numerous rewards and outcomes.
Pavelovs world famous dog experiment helps to establish the theory.	Skinners rat box experiment helps to prove the theory.