Question

13. Anticholinergic side effects. 14. Dantrolente action. 15. Antitussives use and examples. 16. Albuterol action/use. 17. Drug schedule. 18. Steroid inhaler examples. 19. ciprofloxacin (Cipro) side effects.

Answer 1

Ans.13) Common side effects of anti-cholinergic are given below -

• Drowsiness or sedation.
• Blurred vision.
• Dizziness.
• Urinary retention.
• Confusion or delirium.
• Hallucinations.
• Dry mouth

14.) Dantrolente action - Dantrolene reduces excitation-contraction coupling in skeletal muscle by acting as a receptor antagonist to the ryanodine receptor and reducing free intracellular calcium concentration.

15.) Antitussive helps to prevent cough by deterring cough reflex. Antitussive is prescribed in combination with an expectorant that assist in thinning of the mucus. Antitussive drug names include dextromethorphan and codeine.

16.) Albuterol is metabolized within the GI tract and principally excreted through the kidneys. It basically relaxes the smooth muscles of the airways. It activates the beta2-adrenergic receptors in the lungs which triggers a cascade of actions that result in bronchodilation.

17.) Drugs are classified into five major categories on the basis of the drug’s acceptable medical use and the drug’s abuse or dependency potential. These categories are known as schedule.

18.) Budesonide or Formoterol (Symbicort) – It is a common steroid inhaler which have the combination of drug that includes a steroid and a long-acting bronchodilator drug.

19.) Common side effect of ciprofloxacin are given below -

• Diarrhea
• Dizziness
• Drowsiness
• Headache
• Stomach upset
• Abdominal pain
• Nausea/vomiting