Question

1. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) is a screening questionnaire designed to detect depressive symptoms. Suppose it were used in a school situation to screen for depression in adolescents. Of the 1680 students who answered the questions, 126 were determined based on psychiatric interviews to suffer from major depression. Of these 126 true cases, d0 had been positive on the CES-D Of the 1554 students who were not diagnosed with major depression (373)had been po sitive on the CES-D. Given these results, calculate the followi The actual prevalence of major depression in this population. .. P-107 /MDD a. 80 pbp. The sensitivity specificity, and positive predictive value of the CES-D screen for major depression in this population. b. 2. Mark each of the following as primary (P), secondary (S), or tertiary (T) prevention. S Screening for glaucoma Use of neonatal intensive care units Environmental control measures A midnight basketball program for at risk youth Rehabilitation in stroke victims' 卫immunization for children against measles

Answer 1

A) Out of 126 ,the number of positives with depression are 107 on the CES-D .

Out of 1554 , 373 were positive on CES-D .

So, total positive is equal to 373+107 = 480

Total population of students is equal to 1680

Prevalence = number of old and new cases / total population

= 480/1680

= 0.28%

b) In this case true positive is 107

False positive is 373

Predictive positive value = true positive / true positive + false positive

= 107/ 107+373

= 107/ 480

= 0.222

Sensitivity = true positive / true positive +false negative

In this case ,true positive is 107 and false negative are 1181

Sensitivity = 107/ 107+ 1181

= 0.083

Specificity = true negative / true negative + false positive

In this case true negative is 126 - 107 = 19 , false positive =373

Specificity = 19/ 19+ 373

= 0.048

2. Screening for gluconate is secondary prevention (s)

Environmental control measures is primary prevention (p)

Rehabilitation in stroke victims is tertiary prevention ( t)

Use of neonatal intensive care unit is secondary prevention (s)

A midnight basketball program for all risk youth is tertiary prevention (t)

Immunization for children against measles is primary prevention (p)