Question

We have the following women none of which have ever taken any birth control in their lives. Ann is 55 years of age and started menopause at 53 years of age. She has a normal BMI. She divorced her husband 18 years ago and never remarried. Although she gave birth to 3 daughters, she only raised 2 daughters, Beth and Carla by herself Beth is 18 years of age, she has an ideal body weight and has a normal amount of body fat. She is a triplet and her sisters are Carla and Dawn. Her mother is Ann. Beth and Carla have had no contact with their father and do not know that Dawn exists. Carla is 18 years of age. She suffers from a genetic mutation that makes her aromatase 25% less active than normal. Dawn is 18 years of age. Dawn was raised by her father with her 2 older brothers Steve age 27, and Wesley age 26. Like Beth, she has an ideal body weight and a normal amount of body fat. Erin is 25 years of age, She is obese with a BMI of 33. Frances is a 27 years old and suffers from anorexia nervosa and is very lean. She has an irregular ovulatory cycle and only ovulates about once a year.

(Carla has a BMI that is equivalent to Beth)

Please compare and contrast hypothalamic kisspeptin production between Ann, Beth, Carla, Erin, and Frances. Between sister Beth or Dawn is going to ovulate first? Also compare and contrast plasma leptin levels between Frances, Erin, Carla, and Beth.

Please explain why the reason for the answer so I can be able to understand.

Answer 1

1. Hypothalamic kisspeptin is a hormone produced by hypothalamus leading to production of luteinizing and follicular stimulating hormone . It's production in :-

Ann will be less as she has reached menopause

Beth and Dawn will have adequate production because of their ideal weight and normal body fat

Carla will have less production as she is suffering from genetic mutation.

Erin will have increased production because of obesity

Frances will have decreased production due to her malnourishment and irregular ovulatory cycle .

2. Between Beth and Dawn ,Beth will ovulate first because she is raised by her mother where she is getting proper care and nourishment and she is born first .

3. Plasma kept in is the hormone of energy expenditure .

Frances will have less leptin as she is lean ,in lean people their is less energy expenditure.

Erin is obese so she will need more energy and her leptons will be high

Carla is suffering from genetic disease hence she needs more energy so her lepti a will be high

Beth will have normal leptin levels because of her ideal body weight and normal fat .