Question

We have the following women none of which have ever taken any birth control in their lives. Ann is 55 years of age and started menopause at 53 years of age. She has a normal BMI. She divorced her husband 18 years ago and never remarried. Although she gave birth to 3 daughters, she only raised 2 daughters, Beth and Carla by herself Beth is 18 years of age, she has an ideal body weight and has a normal amount of body fat. She is a triplet and her sisters are Carla and Dawn. Her mother is Ann. Beth and Carla have had no contact with their father and do not know that Dawn exists. Carla is 18 years of age. She suffers from a genetic mutation that makes her aromatase 25% less active than normal. Dawn is 18 years of age. Dawn was raised by her father with her 2 older brothers Steve age 27, and Wesley age 26. Like Beth, she has an ideal body weight and a normal amount of body fat. Erin is 25 years of age, She is obese with a BMI of 33. Frances is a 27 years old and suffers from anorexia nervosa and is very lean. She has an irregular ovulatory cycle and only ovulates about once a year.

(Carla has a BMI that is equivalent to Beth)

Compare and contrast plasma adiponectin levels between Dawn, Erin and Frances. Why Erin will reach menopause first than Beth? Rank the risk of Ann, Erin, and frances in getting PCOS.

Please explain the reason of the answers so I can be able to understand

Answer 1

Answer :

• Adiponectin is a protein hormone which is involved in regulating glucose level as well as fatty acids breakdown .
• In human it is encoded by the ADIPOQ gene and it is profuced in adipose tissue .
• Adiponectin to be inversely correlate with body mass index in patient population .
• Adiponectin is a let adipokine ,which participate in many metabolic activities and its levels are reduced in obese people .
• This increase risk of developing insulin resistance and CVD due to the molecule's regulatory role in the organism.

In above question :

Dawn is having normal BMI ,so she may have normal adiponectin .

Erin is having BMI 33. And she may have low adiponectin because plasma adiponectin concentration shows as inverse correla tion with BMI .

Francis is having anorexia nervosa and he also have low adiponectin levels because adiponectin levels in AN and BN are low compare to normal weight people.

2) Erin is older than beth and she is obese too.so erin will reach menopause early than beth .

3) erin is high risk For PCOS because she is having BMI 33.

Francis is next risk because she is having airregular menstrual cycle and annovulation from one year .

Last is Ann ,because she is 55 years old female and she had menopause at her 53 years ,so she is low risk For PCOS cimpared to Erin and francis .