Question

Define, Risk factor, patho, sign and symptoms; What do we went to prevent? Nursing management; Asess, Do Treatments, medication

1.Dystocia

2.Amniocentesis

3.Chronic villus Sampling

4.Preeclampsia

5.Eclampsia

6.HELLP Sydrome

7.STI's

8.Torch

9.Toxic Shock Syndrome

10.Endometrioses

11.Amnion

12.Chroion

13.Type of Miscarriage

14.DIC

15.D&C

16.Gestation Diabetes

17.Gestation Hypertension

18.Placenta Previa (different type)

19.Placenta Abruption

20.Hydatidform

21.Hemorrhage

22.Rh Incompatibility

23.Cesarean Delivery

24.Vaginal Delivery

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Answer 1

ANSWERS :

1. DYSTOCIA :

DEFINITION : Dystocia is defined as baby not coming out of pelvis during childbirth, even contractions in uterus is normal. It is also known as Obstructed Labor or Labor Dystocia.

RISK FACTORS :

1. Mothers age, height and weight before pregnancy

2.Mothers body mass index

3. Pelvic size

PATHO PHYSIOLOGY :

Due to the risk factors, it leads to pelvic size discrepancy and the body of baby gets obstructed in between the pelvis, it leads to decrease space for normal promoting of labor, and this finally leads to Dystocia

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS :

* Discharge of blood

* Vomiting

* Green or black color discharges without any sign of delivery for several hours

* Strong uterine contractions since one hour without delivery

PREVENTION :

1. Early identification and outcomes during pregnancy

2. Use of selective tools to decrease further complications

3. Assisted labor techniques

4. Complete health monitoring and check up of mother

5. Health education program

6. Reproductive health services

NURSING MANAGEMENT :

ASSESSMENT :

* Assess for mother medical history completely

* Assess for previous birth histories, abortions, miscarriages, deaths of child

* Assess for medication history of mother

* Assess for reproductive history

* Monitor vital signs

* Check for abnormal bleeding history

TREATMENT :

* Changing positioning of mother during labor

* Cesarean section or vacuum suction deliveries

* Surgical opening of symphysis pubis that is symphysiotomy is done

* Provide antibiotics therapy to prevent infection

MEDICATION :

1. Oxytocin is the treatment drug or medication used in Dystocia

2. Misoprostol is the other treatment of choice in Dystocia conditions.

2. AMNIOCENTESIS :

DEFINITION : Amniocentesis is defined as a process of taking small sample of amniotic fluid using hollow surgical needle inserted into uterus, to screen any abnormalities are present in the fetus. This process is a medical procedure which is performed in prenatal stages.

RISK :

*. Prenatal labor

* Miscarriages or abortions

* Repeated infections to mother and baby

* Complications in the later stages of pregnancy

PATHO :

Before starting the procedure local anesthesia should be given to mother for reducing pain during needle insertion inside the abdomen. After insertion of fine needle into the abdominal wall 20 ml of amniotic fluid to be drawn away from the fetus. The drawn sample has to send to laboratory for identification of any genetical abnormalities and other chromosomal abnormalities.

WHY AMNIOCENTESIS TO BE DONE ?

1. To identify chromosomal abnormalities

2. To prevent pregnancy related complications

3. To identify Downs syndrome, Turner syndrome

4. Any inherited abnormalities

5. To evaluate Neural tube defects.

6. Evaluation of fetal infections, etc

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS :

* Vaginal bleeding

* Pelvic pain and cramps

* Chance of miscarriage

* Infection to fetus and may occur fetal death

PREVENTION OF AMNIOCENTESIS RISKS :

1. Inform doctor immediately if mother experiences severe abdominal pain or vaginal discharges

2. Maintain sterile practices for procedure

3. Protect from complications to fetus

NURSING MANAGEMENT :

ASSESSMENT :

* Assess for gestational week of mother

* Assess for health status of mother

* Assess for medical history

* Obtain information on consanguios marriages

* Monitor for vaginal bleeding and abdominal pain

* Monitor vital signs

TREATMENT :

1. Administer antibiotic therapy prescribed by physician to prevent infections during procedure

2. Take required sample of amniotic fluid from abdomen to prevent oligohydromnios

MEDICATION :

In rare cases of blood group administer Rh positive blood group, administer Rh factor protein to prevent Rh incompatability.