Question

Questions 1. Compare and contrast the processes of mechanical and chemical digestion in relation to the breakdown of polysaccharides. Where in the GI tract do each of these processes occur and what is involved in these processes?

Answer 1

Polysaccharides

These are components of carbohydrates. Carbohydrates digestion begins in the mouth and complete when the polysaccharides are broken down into single sugars or monosaccharides which be absorbed by the body.  

digestion

Mechanical digestion

Involves ​​​​​​physical actions are carried upon the food to break down into smaller pieces. It involves no chemical compounds like enzymes and acids.

1. At mouth-

• ​​ chewing and grinding action of teeth
• Tongue pushes food back of the throat where it easily pass through the esophagus
• Epiglottis prevents the bolus from entering the trachea

At stomach

• churning action
• Changes into pasty chyme
• Turn into small intestine

Movement of food

• peristalsis where the movement of food towards the stomach not in reverse direction
• Action of longitudinal smooth muscles
• Brush border cells and intestinal villi helpstje movement and absorption of food materials

Chemical digestion

Digestion involves by the action of chemical substances like enzymes and acids.

at mouth

• Action of salivary amylase

At stomach

No further chemical digestion

Pancreas and small intestine

• ​Action of pancreatic amylade which breaks down polysaccharides into disaccharides and Oligosaccharides
• Action of enzymes attached to brush border cells of small intestine villi.


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